APUSH Unit 4

Act put into law by Thomas Jefferson in 1807 that was the lowpoint of his presidency. Outlawed the sailing of American ships to foreign ports. This law was intended to protect American ships from the impressment of foreign forces

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Connected small farmers and traders to larger markets through the use of newly developed infrastructure. For example

Boats that could easily paddle upstream

created on highways built by private companies to generate profit but were heavily avoided by Americans. Before 1830 they were owned by corporations chartered by state governments. Enforced state power.

A 363 mile canal that connected the Great Lakes region to New York City; creating a dominant port of the city. Brought about the creation of new towns along the waterway (Buffalo

An apparatus that used electric signals to transmit a message via a wire; use of Morse Code (a series of dots and dashes representing letters of the alphabet). Allowed people to communicate ideas and the price of goods across the country.

First major railroad of the US

Connected the Western frontier to the other cities in the US; influenced trade

remainder of Florida sold by Spain to US

culture of the Southeast in Louisiana developed as a result of French/Spanish influence from trade and colonization

developed as plantation-style layouts that are spread out instead of crunched together due to late colonization once transportation was made easier.

Created in resemblance to European cities; small

settlers who claimed unoccupied lands and created farms for themselves.

Nickname given to the American South after Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin allowed it to produce massive amounts of cotton (and become wholly reliant on slave labor)

influenced more domestic slave trade. Slaves moved from Northern cities into Southern ones to support the Cotton Kingdom. Resulted in the disruption of families

groups of slaves chained together and forced to march into the South to the Cotton Kingdom

Intensification of all of the processes of production at a single site during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline. Introduced the idea of "wages" and "working around the clock"

Opens first American factory in Pawtucket

invented by John Deere during the Industrial Revolution making it easier for farmers to till the land

made the distribution and creation of literary works much easier; also makes the spread of political ideas easier and more practical.

Unmarried women from New England cities who went to work in mills where they lived in boarding houses and were supervised very closely. Families were reluctant to allow their girls to leave for the first time into stranger's supervision

Caused largely by the potato famine in Ireland. Irish immigrants came and received much discrimination due to their Catholic faith as well as exploitation in factories due to their limited skills. Archbishop John Hughes urges them to maintain their identity

Germans came America and were seen as mostly skilled craftsmen and settled in tightly knit communities (German triangle of St. Louis

Inspired in part by the rapid influx of immigrants

1819 New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.

Supreme Court case that stated how regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

1842 Landmark ruling of the Massachusetts supreme court establishing the legality of labor unions.

A philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s which emphasized living a simple life while celebrating the truth in nature

Heavily influential transcendentalist who critiques American market society in his novel Walden

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801

French liberal politician who observed the evolution of American political thought

the ideal woman was seen as a tender

A horse-drawn machine that greatly increased the amount of wheat a farmer could harvest. It lead to more large-scale farming.

a tool of the Second Great Awakening where people would gather to hear hellfire speeches

Court case in 1837 that stated the interest of the community are above corporate rights.

-Large scale manufacture of standardized products with interchangeable parts in order to reduce manufacturing cost

Rhode Island was the only state the had not gotten rid of property requirements to vote; Thomas Dorr elected as RI governor led to him being imprisoned for treason; war demonstrated passions aroused by the continuing exclusion of any group of white men from voting.

novel written by Noah Webster (arch rival of Jackson) that stated Democracy was an American right. "Freedom is synonymous with the right to vote."

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law-"THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY".

establishes the right to Judicial Review by the Supreme Court; right to declare laws unconstitutional.

A declaration by the President in 1823 that warned European powers to keep out of the Western Hemisphere and pledged that the United States would not intervene in the internal affairs of Europe.

Son of John Adams. Expansionist who authored the Monroe Doctrine on the grounds that the entire North America should be the US's to claim (manifest destiny). Electoral opponent of Jackson that was made fun of for his intellectual ability compared to Jackson's "rough and tough" posterior. He worked very hard on internal improvements

The Election year that began the "Age of Jackson" where it was encouraged for men of all standings to participate in political affairs. Jackson ran his campaign around the idea of a "common man" party.

period marked by the belief that ordinary people should vote in elections

A party that emerged that largely represented many of the interests of the old Federalist party. Andrew Jackson initiated its creation.

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

slaves count three fifths of a person for population representation and taxation

1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828

South Carolina Senator/ VP to Jackson - advocate for state's rights

1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void

"founder of the Democratic Party". Friend of Andrew Jackson. Became president in 1836. In the Panic of 1837

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration

(1838-39) an 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost one-fourth of the Cherokee people

Supreme Court case of 1832 that stated Indians were not owners of their land but they were just the occupiers since they are nomads so they didn't need to own land.

1831 - Supreme Court refused to hear a suit filed by the Cherokee Nation against a Georgia law abolishing tribal legislature. Court said Indians were not foreign nations

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Seminoles in Florida resisted the pressures to relocate. Cheif Osceola staged an uprising in 1835 to defend their land. Jackson kept sending troops into Florida but the indians were masters of guerrilla warfare. .Osceola was captured by white troops. The government gave up on the war by 1842. By then the Seminoles had either been killed or forced westward

Political battle between Jackson

A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.

Nickname of the Bank of the United States after Nicholas Biddle who was the head of the 2nd Bank of the United States. During Andrew Jacksons first term as President

An economic uproar when Jackson was president. Many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation

Displayed two major shifts in American politics: triumph of populist democratic style and the formation of the two-party system. Race between Martin Van Buren

In Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

Anonymous essay published by John C. Calhoun in 1828 which advocated two doctrines--that of Interposition (or the right of a state to nullify a federal law) and that of the Concurrent Majority as a means by which the people in the minority (as slave-holding southerners) could protect themselves from harmful federal action. These ideas would contribute to the coming of the secession crisis of 1832-1833 and ultimately to the Civil War in 1861.

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

Idealistic and impractical communities. Who

Robert Owen

social reform movement influenced by the idea that Americans must "perfect" society and cure us all of our social ills. Inspired the building of orphanages

A social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol. Angered many Catholics and working men who enjoyed drinking after a hard day of work.

a social reform effort

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country.

Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves.

The effort to move others to a particular course of action through appeals to moral values and beliefs

An image of a slave on his knees

Northern men

1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress

Activist who helped improve conditions of mental patients

movement to get people (regardless of sex) the right to vote

Book by Margaret Fuller

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848

This group

A group of socio-religious perfectionists founded by John Noyes who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy

Church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City

An example of these would be Catholics

Most influential abolitionist literary work by William Garrison

many black abolitionists remained less successful and less renowned than their white constituents

were 19th-century American Quakers