Chapter 4: Ancient Greece

In the ________, new waves of Greek- speaking invaders moved into Greece from the north.

________ is won in a struggle or contest.

In the ________, the assembly consisted of about forty- three thousand male citizens over 18 years old.

Polyclitus, a fifth- century sculptor, wrote down systematic rules for proportions that he illustrated in a work known as the ________.

________ used a teaching method that is still known by his name.

Like ________, Stoicism was concerned with how people find happiness.

________ wrote the Elements, a textbook on plane geometry.

After ________ died in 486 B.C., Xerxes became the new Persian monarch.

________ established a school in Athens known as the Academy.

The ________ and the Odyssey were the first great epic poems of early Greece.

The first ________ were tragedies, which were presented in a trilogy (a set of three plays) built around a common theme.

________ went into battle as a unit, marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation known as a phalanx.

________ traveled widely and questioned many people as a means of obtaining his information.

________ led a massive invasion force into Greece.

________ were discouraged from studying philosophy, literature, or the arts- subjects that might encourage new thoughts.

The acropolis served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a(n) ________ on which temples and public buildings were built.

________ believed that human beings were free to follow self- interest as a basic motivating force.

________ are ceremonies or rites.

In 331 B.C., ________ turned east and fought the decisive battle with the Persians at Gaugamela, not far from Babylon.

He (Alexander) built ________ as the Greek capital of Egypt.

________ was the product of a teacher named Zeno.

________ grew grains, vegetables, and fruit for local use.

The Athenians also devised the ________ to protect themselves against overly ambitious politicians.

The ________ sold their services as professional teachers to the young men of Greece, especially those of Athens.

In 478 ________, the Athenians formed a defensive alliance against the Persians called the Delian League.

The ________ was largely based on farming and trade.

________ did not have a body of doctrine, nor did it focus on morality.

Epicurus, the founder of a philosophy that came to be known as Epicureanism, established a school in ________ near the end of the fourth century B.C.

Homer proved to be of great value to later ________.

________ was especially important because of his work on the geometry of spheres and cylinders, as well as for establishing the value of the mathematical constant pi.

In 499 B.C., an unsuccessful revolt by the Ionian cities- assisted by the ________- led the Persian ruler Darius to seek revenge.

In the fifth and ________, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle raised basic questions that have been debated for two thousand years.

________ had planned to fuse Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians in his new empire by using Persians as officials and encouraging his sol- diers to marry native women.

Although tyranny did not last, it played an impor- tant role in ________.

________ created a new council of five hundred that supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed the laws that would be voted on by the assembly.

________ played an important role in the development of Greek civilization.

________ wrote the epic poem called Argonautica, which tells the story of Jason and his search for the Golden Fleece.

The ________ of teaching uses a question- and- answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason.

________, which reached its high point between 1400 and 1200 B.C., was made up of powerful monarchies.

In a(n) ________, the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings.

Near the end of the ________, Athens faced political turmoil because of serious economic problems.