Chapter 11 Vocab AP Human Geography

Solar radiation captured with photovoltaic cells that convert light energy to electrical energy.

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.

The quantity of something that people wish to consume and are able to buy.

The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.

An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago.

Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.

Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks.

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.

An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.

A source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted.

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and is found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth's surface.

Pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source.

Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air.

Concentration of waste added to air, water, or land at a greater level than occurs in average air. water. or land.

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules. such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks. .

The amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.

The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits.

The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material.

The rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused. repaired and new parts.

A source of energy that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people.

A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment.

A place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin.

Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital.

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

The quantity of something that producers have available for sale.

An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

States in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative.

Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

Costs that vary with the quantity of output produced and level of production.

With reference to production, to outsource to a third party located outside of the country.

Process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment.

Centers or nodes of high-technology research and activity around which a high-technology corridor is sometimes established.

Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

The dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration.

A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places.

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.

Theory that industries choose locations based on where their competitors are located.

Western and Central Europe; Eastern North America; Russia and Ukraine; and Eastern Asia, each of which consists of one or more core areas of industrial development with subsidiary clusters