Building blocks of matter

Center of an atom where protons and neutrons are located.

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is located in orbitals outside of the atom's nucleus.

a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

A chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared.

A compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions

A slight attraction that develops between the positively and negatively charged regions of nearby molecules.

number of protons and electrons

protons+neutrons=

Atomic mass-Atomic number=

Each number on the right side of the periodic table block represents the number of

of protons, electrons, neutrons, electron orbitals, mass of the element

Atoms bond to achieve

How many electrons do most elements need to be stable?

Bonds that share electrons to achieve stability

equal sharing of electrons

Unequal sharing of electrons

The ability of an atom to attract electrons Increases as you move up and across the periodic table

Leads to polar bonds and in extreme cases, ionic bonds

Difference of 0.5 or less

Difference of 0.6-1.9

Difference of 2 or more

The element that accepts an electron

The element that gives away an electron

the process by which atoms or groups of atom in substances are reorganized into different substances

Heat production, light production, cannot be easily reversed(rusting)

state of matter change, or change in appearance(water boiling, salt dissolving

Show how elements and compounds change during a chemical reaction

The left hand side of a chemical equation/ the start

The right hand side of a chemical equations/ the end

Enzymes are a special type of

Speed up chemical reactions/ also called enzymes

Build molecules

Takes molecules apart

The material being changed in an enzyme

Where substrate connects to the enzyme

Enzymes and substrates fit together like

Two main factors that impact enzyme function

measured from 0-14

7 on the pH scale

less than 7 on the pH scale

More than 7 on the pH scale

Substance that releases H+ (positive hydrogen) ions when dissolved in water

substance that releases OH (hydroxide) ions when dissolved water

Molecules that have slight positive and negative charges Ex. water

A weak attraction between a hydrogen and a fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen atom

A strong type of hydrogen bond

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties

Also called a solution, involves a solvent that dissolves a solute Uniform appearance ex. salt water

does not have a uniform appearance ex. trail mix

All of the macromolecules are chemical compounds made of smaller, identical molecules

Each smaller molecule that makes up a polymer