Studied by 11 peopleHow many territorial states dominated Italy during the late middle ages?
5
Which Italian city state was located at the crossroads of trade routes through the alps?
Milan
Venice was lead by the elected doge leader, but who really held the power?
the pope
Which Italian city state was the cultural center of the renaissance?
Florence
Which family controlled Florence?
de Medicis
Which Italian city state was the only one controlled by a hereditary monarch?
Naples
European monarch that invaded Italy in 1494 for wealth/trade:
Charles VII
What country did Italy seek assistance from after the french invasion?
Spain
Why did Dante write "Divine Comedy" in the native language of Florence?
He wanted everyone to be able to read and understand it.
What did humanists believe about education?
Humanists saw education as preparation for life/citizenship. Humanists believed education could change humans. Liberal arts like history/ethics/poetry were core subjects.
Who is considered the first of the Italian renaissance artists?
Masaccio
What did Brunelleschi contribute to architecture?
large exterior domes
Which three artists thrived during the renaissance?
Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Which artist first used oil paints?
Jan Van Eyck
Scientist that confirmed the theory of a sun-centered universe?
Galileo
What is a fresco?
painting done on fresh wet plaster and water-based paints
scientist who proposed three laws of planetary motion:
Kepler
What is perspective?
an artist technique that gives a three dimensional depth to a two dimensional surface
What is the movement of the renaissance based on the study of humanities?
humanism
Father of Italian renaissance:
Petrarch
Who wrote "The Prince"?
Niccolo Machiavelli
What was the main goal of Christian humanists?
reform of the catholic church
What caused calls for reform in the church?
Corruption of the papacy. Inability of priests to offer guidance to their people. Sale of indulgences
What is justification by faith?
belief that salvation comes from faith and not good works (believed by Martin Luther)
What did Luther do on October 31, 1517
he proposed his 95 Theses.
Who asked German princes to overthrow the church and establish reformed churches?
Martin Luther
What were the results of the Peasant's War?
Luther had to rely on governments to spread his new church.
What is the Edict of Worms?
Order from Holy Roman Emperor making Luther an outlaw.
Why is the Peace of Augsburg important?
it marked the end of Christian unity in Europe.
What events led King Henry VII to break with the Catholic Church?
He wanted to divorce his wife Katherine of Aragon. The Pope denied his request to divorce and remarry. King Henry divorced his first wife and married Anne Boleyn.
During which monarch's reign did the church become more protestant?
Edward VI
What was Queen Mary I's nickname because she persecuted protestants?
Bloody Mary
Which protestant group believed in separation between church and state?
Anabaptists
Who founded the Jesuits?
St Ignatius of Loyola
Who sought to reform the papacy by creating a reform commission in 1535?
Pope Paul III
Belief that the human ability to reason/improve oneself should focus on religious teachings:
Christian Humanism
Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will not:
predestination
Christian philosopher who believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives
Erasmus
What is an indulgence?
a release from all or part of the punishment for sin by reducing time in purgatory after death
Essay question: What three events led to catholic reformation?
establishment of Jesuits
reform the papacy
Council of Trent
Essay Question: Describe the events surrounding the protestant reformation-who started it? Why did it happen? What happened? What were the results? How did it impact the renaissance world-how was it different from the middle ages?
Martin Luther he did not believes in buying or selling forgiveness (indulgences) He believed faith should led to forgiveness/salvation It result in Protestant branch of Christianity different from middle ages because different religious ideas
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