AP Human Geography Unit 4

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over internal and foreign affairs, occupies defined territory + has a permanent population

states with very small land areas

state has the supreme authority to govern itself and make decisions within its own borders without interference from other states or international organizations

• divided into 2 by soviet union + US

• pro-communist (north)

• pro-US (south)

• both govts wanna reunite but want to be the one to have sovereignty

• most countries consider china and taiwan separate states but china says taiwan is part of it

• civil war rose between nationalists and communists

• nationalists lost and fled to taiwan

• taiwan is largest state not in UN

• considered to be a sovereign state by most african countries

• morocco claims this territory and has built a wall around it to keep out rebels

• morocco and the polisario front both control the area

• un tried to resolve but failed

state who’s territory corresponds to a single ethnicity

japan, germany, greece, china, france,

fertile crescent

a small sovereign state that is made up of a town or city and the surrounding area

vatican, monaco, singapore

concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

a state that has more than one ethnicity (every state is to a degree this)

a state that has two or more national groups within its borders, with no single group being dominant in terms of culture, politics, or demographics

indonesia, nigeria, belgium, afghanistan

territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state

bermuda, british virgin islands, cayman islands

india/pakistan

cyprus

us/canada

identifies 3 types of water boundaries:

territorial waters, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone

up to 12 miles from shore, a state can set laws regulating passage of ships from other states

between 12-24 miles from shore, a state can enforce laws concerning pollution, taxes, immigration, and customs

between 24-200 miles from shore, a state has the sole right to the fish and other marine life

a compact state with a large extension that extends out from one side of the state more than any other part (thailand, myanmar)

access to resources (democratic republic of congo, water), seperate 2 states that would share a boundary (namibia caprivi strip, was part of germany and disrupted communication between the british colonies of southern africa)

state that completely surrounds another one

have several discontinuous pieces of territory

lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it’s completely surrounded by several other countries

country where citizens elect leaders and can run for office

a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people

a country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but displays a mix of the to types

most power is in the hands of central government officials

allocates strong power to units of local government within the country

redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power

created at the end of ww2 to maintain peace and security in the world.

established after ww1 but wasnt effective

china, france, russia, uk, us

nato, the warsaw pact,

military alliance among 16 democratic states (US, Canada, 14 european states)

a military agreement among communist eastern european countries, disbanded in 1991 following end of communism in eastern europe

eu, council for mutual economic assistance

designed to heal scars from ww2, main task is to promote development within the member states through economic and political cooperation

designed to promote trade and sharing of natural resources in communist eastern europe, disbanded in 91

all 35 countries in western hemisphere, promotes social, cultural, political, and economic links among member states

54 countries in africa, promotes economic integration in africa

uk + 52 countries that were once british colonies, seeks economic and cultural cooperation

providing sanctuary, supplying weapons, money, and intelligence, planning attacks using terrorists

a group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland, and self-determination

a nation that has a state of its own, but also resides in other states

korea, kurds

a nation that has a history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state

control over political boundaries, govt with sovereign rule, control over internal/external affairs, and recognition

kurds, palestinians

an area located within a state and has a high degree of freedom/self governance from the state

native american reservations

an area controlled by another state but only has a moderate degree of self-governance (national gov will step in when they need to)

hong kong,

one nation taking over another nation's land or territory, establishing political and/or economic control over that land, moving their own population into that land, and usually eradicating or forcing out the native populations

one nation taking over another nation's land or territory and establishing political and/or economic control over that land and its native population

transfer of power from national govt to regional govts

when a state breaks up into different states

the use of political, cultural, or economic power to influence/control other countries

when colonies become independent of the colonizing country

a strategic narrow route, providing passage through/to another region

a larger geographic area which is caught between larger external points that are fighting

boundary which is marked with a physical structure

boundary which existed before human settlement and creation of cultural landscape

boundary that doesnt exist anymore but still has impact on cultural landscape

boundary created by a foreign state or group

boundary which develops along with the cultural landscape

boundary created to divide different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups

dispute which takes place over the interpretations over original documents that define the boundary

dispute over the location of the boundary and ownership of the land

dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle different issues/situations that occur on the boundary

dispute which happens over the use of what is in/in the boundary

process of redrawing districts after census

the process of spreading like-minded voters across multiple districts

like-minded voters are all put into the same few districts to reduce impact of their vote in other districts

physical geography, culture, irredentism

when a person/group starts to identify more with their own ethnic group than state

movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in a different states