APUSH Unit 8 - The Cold War and Civil Rights Movement

• needed to rebuild destruction in Western Europe

• shaping new political alliances

  • capitalism vs communism aros

• Germany, Japan, Great Britain power de-influenced

• American economy: dependent on open trade and relations

• US occupies Japan, Pacific Islands, South Korea

• USSR occupies North Korea

Democrat

• Context:

  • Communist gov had taken over Poland, invaded Hungary and Czechoslovakia

  • Communists threatened Greece and Turkey

  • Europe needed help defending against communists

• Mandate:

  • $400 billion aid to Europe, wanted to preserve freedom

• Purpose:

  • Containment- prevent spread of communism and instill democracy in Europe

Written by George Kennan, letter from Washington US to Germany ally

Stated US would defend Western Europe but would not engage in war

• Mandate

  • $12 bil aid to Western Europe

• Purpose

  • build alliances and encourage economic growth

mutual defense Treaty between US, Canada, Western Europe

• Context

  • 1945 Germany and Berline divided amongst US, USSR, France, England

• Cause

  • USSR learned Western allies of NATO planned to merge ownership of Berlin

• Effect

  • Truman sent airlift of food and fuel to Berlin, Soviest gave up on maintaining blockade

separate Soviet Berlin from West Berlin during Kennedy Administration

Why: 1949 Soviets detonate atomic bomb in testing center

Advises President on national security, military, and foreign policy matters.

Why: 1949 Soviets detonate atomic bomb in testing center

Spy network during Cold War

collect and analyze intelligence to further national security and preempt threats

Cause: General MacArthur writes a democratic constitution with Japan (1942)

Effect: Japan demilitarized, economic revival

Cause: US nationalists vs Mao Zedong communists

Effect: communists kicked nationalist to Taiwan

Impact: US refused to recognize the communist gov of Republic of China

Cause: Pres Jonhson’s freedom in Vietnam War

Ruling: Reversed Gulf of Tonkin Resolution limiting President’s ability to deploy military without Congressional approval

• 1947 Truman ordered communicate search in US, people did not receive a hearing (3 mil affected)

• 1949 State Department Offical Aleger Hiss found to be communist

• 1950s Screen Actors Guild communist purge by Reagan

claimed to have list of communists in the government which led to ruinous campaigns and hearing

Blacklists arose

McCarthy claimed there were communists in the army, Edward Murrow TV, fall of McCarthy —> scandalized the Eisenhower Administration

United Mine Workers stroke and Truman’s seizure of mines

• wartimes manufacture went down so workers were laid off and vets needed work

• people had more money to spend but inflation was hurting the poor and people complained

human rights group that won lawsuits against segregated school buses, black and white coalitions

broke baseball color barrier

racist, support Thumund

prohibited union only (closed shops), striking, union political funds, and essentially gave the gov too much power

Truman won democrat by encouraging humanitarian health and equality

Cause: Communist NOrth Korea invaded South Korea who was allied with the US

Response: UN and US troops attack North Korea pushing them to China

Effect: China pushes US and South Korea back to original border

funds to vets for school and living which stimulated economic growth post WW2

reduced troops and powerful weapons

Purpose: transport nuclear weapons and troops

Effect: promoted tourism and suburbs

Context: NAACP lawsuit on behalf of schoolgirl argued by Thurgood Marshall

Effect: overruled Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal) yet segregation managed to persist

National Guard prevented kids from entering school

ensured right to vote without conflict

Rosa Parks arrested for refuses to give up seat according to Jim Crow Laws

MLK Jr rises with peaceful protests

sparked sit ins across US

US wants to free Europe and prevent spread of communism

nuclear attack game

Fear off attacking for worse response

pushing events to conflict to gain advantage

Eisenhower wanted to prevent communism in Southeast Asia

Cause: USSR Sputnik Satellite 1957

built on hope and adoration

1969 America divided into Progressives and Conservatives

Cause: US spies find missile sites in Cuba putting US in danger, Kennedy strikes first

Effect: US naval blockade

Impact: USSR removes missiles and US leaves Turkey

teachers and specialists to nation build Third World

equal pay = equal work

outlaws public segregation

Southern Chrisitain Leaderhiip Conference, Freedom Riders Movment, Student nonviolent coordinating co

gays fought police in

Significance: biggest in US, 25 yr economic and military presence

North Vietnam communict

South Vienam Democrat

US losing, public doubting success

labored against the Equal Rights amendment

national guard killed 4 students protesting Vietnam War

• Pentagon papers publish secret gov info on Vietnam war

• reveals watergate hotel burgalry,

• Nixon uses executive privilage not to turn over tapes then resigns

• Dep of energy

• 3 mile island nuclear power plant

• Israel and Egypt peace agreement

• agreements with USSR