AP WORLD VOCAB

Most powerful in era, commercialized economy, free peasant and artisan labor, HIGHLY influenced by Confucianism, Imperial Bureaucracy, utilized

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.

a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature, Ying and Yang

ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, friend and friend

respect shown by children for their parents and elders

system to run centralized gov't, comprised of educated scholar-gentry

gunpowder, fireworks, CHAMPA RICE, porcelain, compass, paper money, movable print/type,

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Theravada stressed Buddha as a teacher — Mahayana stressed Buddha as a divine being, Theravada strives for nirvana — Mahayana strives to help everyone else reach nirvana first, Theravada focused on wisdom and was taught — Mahayana focused on compassion and religious beings

test taken to join the government, applied Confucian values

Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, they overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.

Turkic empire ruled by sultans; Established Turks as major ethnic group carrying Islam; Demonstrated weakness of sultans held real power in the empire; Helped to spread the influence of Islam throughout the region

Math, Universities, Sciences

was a library and translation institute in Abbasid-era Baghdad

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Sunni and Shia

A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation

Islamic mysticism

A maritime empire that controlled the Sunda strait the strait of Malacca between India and China. HS: control strengthened trade routes to China, India, and even Arabia

Influenced Islam, Sufism

a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

Warlike; moved into area where state level society, Arrived in Tenochtitlan in 1325, Able to overthrow original rulers with the help of nearby allies, Chinampa,

Mita labor system, Terracing

City states in Mesoamerica that were part of the Maya Empire, Mayans gave us: Math like Algebra and Calendars

City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. Fell due to over usage of environment

A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

land owning knights allowed peasants, serfs, to farm on his land in return for payments of food.

Divine right became popularized

Institution in which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

Eastern branch of Christianity centered in Constantinople

The seperation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054 CE)

Ancient trade routes connecting East and West, facilitating cultural exchange and commerce between China and the Mediterranean world from around 200 BCE to 1400 CE.

Major trade cities along the silk road which began as caravanserai.

goods that have special qualities that make them more expensive than alternative goods; traded on the silk road; for example porcelain

inn or rest station for caravans

an economic system based on money rather than barter, paper money popularized

A network of trade established between the Indian subcontinent and the Swahili trade cities of Eastern Africa. Ocean-going merchants of from the Arabian Peninsula used the regular patterns of the monsoon winds to travel back and forth caring cargoes of textiles, spices, and precious metals.

Spread Islam throughout Africa as well as agriculture and iron metallurgy, diasporic communities, Kilwa, Malindi, Gedi, Pate, Comoros, and Zanzibar

navigational instrument for finding directions, chinese

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets, muslim

Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean networks

communities in which he culture and inhabitants are not originally from the area

A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia

Led the Chinese commissioned 7 major voyages. He sailed initially to southeast Asia and India but his final three voyages reached as far as the Swahili coast of east Africa, expeditions were not driven by attempts to conquer or win converts.

It helps increase the weight of trade loads, overseas.

These carried ships on the Indian Ocean between India and Africa, chartable

gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across Sahara Desert; spread Islam; land trade

An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route.

A group of traders traveling together

Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.

Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.

From India, the gunpowder spread to the Middle East between 1240 and 1280. The movement of gunpowder into this part of the world was facilitated by the Mongol invasions of China, India, Persia, and Egypt.

In the 6th Century AD, the invention of paper diffused across Asian countries. Paper making was spread to Korea, A Korean Buddhist monk then brought paper making to Japan by introducing it to the Imperial Palace.

Buddhism exercised profound influence in shaping the various aspects of Indian society. ... The ethical code of Buddhism was also simpler based on charity, purity, self sacrifice, and truthfulness and control over passions. It laid great emphasis on love, equality and non violence.

trading networks spread Islam with merchants

facilitated by Mana Musa as he traveled from the Middle East to the regions of North Africa. This influence lead to universities being created, advancements in medicine, and overall education improving for many people.

Mongol leader who led their conquest westward and who is renowned for his ability and his ruthlessness.

Regions held under control of Mongol Khans

improved transportation, encouraged trade, created efficient mail system, only Mongols allowed best jobs, serve army, spread plague

techniques traded and spread, religion also spread along with culture

the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries. Also known for its extreme isolationism.

Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.

an Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century.

A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922.

Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries.

Tokugawa Japan was the final period of traditional Japan during the time period of 1603-1867, founded by Tokugawa Leyasu, Shoguns.

a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.

the Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects and raising them in the religion of Islam.

Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

Emperor of Mughal dynasty, unified Indian with a modernized army, religious tolerance, common weights and measurements, and infrastructure

one of Akbar's attempts to reconcile Muslim and Hindu people; a combination of Muslim, Hindu, Zoroastrian, Christian and Sikh

Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. The divide originated with a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad as leader of the Islamic faith he introduced.

The right to rule was given to a king by God. If you were against the king, you were against God. People took this as the legitimacy of the rulers.

Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.

Built in the Ming Dynasty, was a stunning monument in Bejing built for Yonglo. All commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter without special permission.

Archaic tax system of the Mughal empire where decentralized lords collected tribute for the emperor.

A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities, with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.

To generate money for territorial expansion rulers used new methods to get money like Tribute systems

a tomb built by Shah Jahan for his wife

great mosque built in Constantinople during the 16th century Ottoman ruler Suleyman the magnificent.

During the Qing dynasty these ceremonies included the use of art. Imperial portraits of emperors adorned many of the palaces inside the Forbidden City and were an important part of funeral rituals when an emperor died. ... In the public sphere, imperial portraits were utilized to enhance the legitimacy of the emperor.

A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

this man established a shogunate that would dominate Japan for hundreds of years

Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.

a set of practices that required non chinese authorities to acknowledge Chinese superiority. foreigners seeking access to China had to send a delegation to Chinese court and perform kowtow. Emperor would grant permission for reign trade.

A religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism,

German theologian who led the Reformation

pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment

The selling of church offices

Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517.

Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born).

Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife

Founder of the church in England and ruled England from 1509-1547. He broke the Catholic church because he couldn't get a divorce

A time when the Catholic church banned books and used its courts to punish people who protested Catholic ways