required scotus cases

Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution

In striking down Maryland's tax on the National Bank

Speech creating a "clear and present danger" to national security or public safety is not protected by the First Amendment

Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

Decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions

School sponsored prayer and bible readings violates the establishment clause because students feel compelled to participate even if they are not religious or Christian.

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent (and subsequently everyone) in a state felony case (Incorporation)

Preemptively banning students from wearing black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War was deemed unconstitutional

Bolstered the freedom of the press

Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause

Extended the right of privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion and established the three trimester standard

Majority minority districts

Held that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990

In overturning Chicago's city-wide ban on handguns

Holding: Political spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment