unit 8

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.

guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.

Established by the Wagner Act to enforce its provisions

In 1941 FDR passed it which prohibited discriminatory employment practices by fed agencies

FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps after Pearl Harbor

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.

Bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by Japan on December 7, 1941. The Japanese were hoping to cripple the American fleet, which had been enforcing Embargo, which denied Japan the raw materials it needed to increase their power. Brought US into WW2

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Limits the president to two terms.

was weak and couldn't prevent WW2 from starting

A speech by FDR that outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear) This helped inspire Americans into patriotism.

The laws passed by the U.S. allowing us to give aid to our Allies in early WWII. Was approved only to try and prevent the US from entering the war

Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with local draft boards; marked the first peacetime conscription in United States history.

WW2 American federal agency that oversaw allotment of supplies and materials, established by an executive order

WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use during war time

Backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort

Short-term loans that individual citizens made to the government that financed the cost of war. They would eventually get their money back like an investment

restriction on access to ideas and information (did this to make sure people were supporting the war)

was used to gain support for the war. (ex. Germans were racially portrayed badly so that people would not to support them)

students can not be forced to salute the flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance

The women's branch of the U.S. Army established during World War II to employ women in noncombatant jobs.

African American army that served in Europe

famous segregated unit of African-American pilots during world war 2

The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad."

served in integrated units unlike African Americans

Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not decipher

Asian Americans that served in the military during World War II

federal aid, education, housing, unemployment aid given to all veterans

Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime

Prohibition of alcohol

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

someone who makes or sells illegal liquor during prohibition

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion

Group of writers in 1920s after WWI who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. wrote THE GREAT GATSBY

A novel depicting the picturesque idea of the self made American man and entrepreneur who rose from obscurity. was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music.

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree; Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

designed to keep immigrants from South East Europe and keep America's current ethnic makeup, not add different ethnic groups to the country

returned to laissez-faire, Office became corrupt: surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Ex) Sec. of Interior leased gov't land w/ oil for $500,000 and took money himself. Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over

After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolationism and the US returned to laissez-faire government

Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs

Economic policy of shielding an economy from foreign imports.

Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

A statement made by president Calvin Coolidge which showed his overconfident in the American economy before the depression

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

A system for buying and selling shares of companies

A street in New York City famous for being the location of the New York stock exchange

People could purchase things off of credit which before they would have had to save up for years

A tariff designed to shield domestic producers of a good or service from the competition of foreign producers

Factories and farms were producing more goods than the people could afford to buy. As a result, prices fell, factories closed and workers were laid off.

An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit.

the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest

wealthy were very wealthy and the poor were very poor (small number of wealthy)

US overproduces agriculture for WWI but when the war was over farmers went into depression early because they made to much food and wasn't selling it

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

State of having legally declared inability to pay debts.

unemployment skyrocketed during the depression

many people removed their money from banks bc they did not trust the bank's stability

Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance. (not liked by the American people)

People who are wealthier should work to help give relief to those who are unemployed

Event when nearly 17,000 veterans marched on Washington in 1932, to demand the military bonuses that they had been promised; this group was eventually driven from their camp city by the U.S army; increased the public perception that the Hoover administration cared little about the poor.

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

-people were becoming unemployed

-couldn't afford to buy consumer goods-> economy decreased

changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 for president and vice president, and to January 3 for senators and representatives

Because people lost their jobs they couldn't make payments on their farms, ranches, or homes. Banks would foreclose on their property and thousands lost their homes.

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

the farmers, who in the Great Depression, were forced to move, many moved to Oklahoma due to the Dust Bowl

Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms Eleanor helps push new deal plans and advocated for women's rights

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

tariffs were reduced to stimulate the failing economy

monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

Repealed the prohibition of alcohol

Helped construction workers get jobs doing public projects (highways, bridges, sewers)

New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects

gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th

Established to serve the "three Rs" Relief for the people out of work, Recovery for business and the economy as a whole, and Reform of American economic institutions

(1935) a new set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs

a law enacted in 1933 to establish codes of fair practice for industries and to promote industrial growth

NRA is repealed due to being unconstitutional bc it attempts to control state laws for businesses

Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops

moved forward the date for WWI veterans to receive their cash bonus

Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting

Insured loans for building and repairing homes

Relief, Recovery, Reform

provide immediate aid to those unemployed

aid the overall economy back to where is originally was