USH unit 2 -civil war and reconstruction

John Wilkes Booth

lee wants to:

• get marlyand to succed

• get supplies

• victory in north = england engvolvment

but his plans are revealed on a cigar

union vistory by McCulellen allows Lincoln to issue proclamation

changes focus of war

1865

• wartime reconstruction

• presidential reconstruction (president Johnson)

• radical/congressional reconstruction (republican congress)

systemic labor arrangement in the post-Civil War South where landowners provided land, tools, and supplies to mostly black farmers in exchange for a share of their crops.

Very unfair system, under very unfair terms

destroy everything and take supplies like plantations, factories, cattle, animals, food from citizens but not killing them in order to lower moral of the people

campaign of total war against the South from Atlanta to Savannah led by Sherman

caused Lee’s men to surrender because they were starving and surrounded

disease

1. take control of the Mississippi river. Cut the confederate land in half, limits their ability to move goods and troops

2. blockade confederate coastline with Union navy. coastline is 3500 miles long. union began with about 40 ships

3. invade heart of confederacy. takes 2-3 years to potentially win war fast after taking Richmond (confederate capital)

anyone born in the United States is a citizen, ensuring equal rights and privileges for all.

south wins

stonewall gets his nickname

proves war would be longer and bloodier than expected (not 90 just days)

white republicans in the South during reconstruction

terrorist group of ex-confederates that intimidated Blacks from voting

faction of the republican party that wanted to punish the South for the war

Hays wins presidential election because of republican deal to remove union troops from South. this deal caused terribly racist and unfair laws to be implemented with the absence of troops.

settled the contested election and ended reconstruction

"no visible means of support" a misdemeanor

economic crisis in the United States triggered by the collapse of several major banks and the failure of railroad companies. Led to widespread unemployment, labor strikes, and social unrest.

leader of the radical republicans

became commander of the Union forces but chooses to continue fighting with the soldiers

failed lots of businesses - at one point worked for fathers company with his younger brother as his boss, calm under pressure, expert horseman

unspeakable slaughter and unconditional surrender

unfairness of labor contracts

northerners who went south to run Republican policies

two armies crossed paths at the town of Gettysburg

gave voting rights to Blacks

Grant’s most trusted general

“uncle billy”

west point (6th) fought in war, played important role in gold rush, charge of KY army, quick to follow and carry out orders

era of political struggle in the reunification of the nation

site of Confederate surrender, April 1865

was at some random guy’s house

under this act, the federal government sent the military to occupy the South

1. south was broken into 5 military districts

2. souther occupation: union troops were a constant reminders of their loss

3. southern states had to accept 14th admendment

hill on the Union flank defended by the 20th Maine

rightwheel forward holds union line

increased by 50%

decreased by 60%

term used to describe a more lenient approach to unification

justified as a war tactic but changed the moral focus of the war

first confederate invasion of the North resulted in this battle

site of a long siege on the Mississippi, union gains control of Mississippi (more of anaconda plan done!)

last confederate fortification

Grant is made head of union troops

south

became famous after his counterattack at Manassas, nicknamed Stonewall

introduced psychological edge to war (rebel yell, reputation)

north

was impeached under the tenure of office act, decreased his power and made him a lame duck president

president of the confederacy

Contraband refers to items that are illegal to trade, carry, produce, or otherwise have in one's possession

captured slaves were treated as contrabands by the north

republican party

system of subordination for Blacks in post-war era

republican president elected in 1876

provided food, clothes, health care, education, and legal services to the poor (especially African Americans)

caused white resentment

“40 acres and a mule”

they were fighting on the defensive

coastliest single battle of the war. the south would never invade again.

Lees strategy was to go into Penslyvania so it would force Grant to retreat into DC, armys bumped into each other, turning point at little round top day 2,

lincolns gettysburg address boosts will of ppl by talking about honoring the soldiers that died fighting

Lincoln would permit states to re-enter based upon this plan.

10% of voting whites (excluded high ranked officials and ppl accused of war time crimes) had to take an oath of allegiance so their state could rejoin union

european involvement. after antietam and emancipation proclamation european involvement would not happen

asked to take on Union army, said no to Lincoln bc of loyalty to state.

surrendered to Grant after battle of Gettysburg

labor

“Malice towards none”

virginia

wearing down or weakening of resistance esp. as a result of continuous pressure

outlawed slavery

Anderson vs Burragard

confederate batteries fired on this federal stronghold in Charleston harbor, start of the war

no casualties

key compnent of Union stategy to cut off foreign trade

planter (elite) class

McClellan ran against Lincoln (his second term)

Atlanta

Lincolns vice president on his second term

people took advantage of him

Whisky Ring: ppl were stealing alcoholƒvi from the government (gov was making money off of whiskey and tobacco) they got busted and bc they were on Grant’s cabinet he gained a bad reputation

virginia - texas, 3500 mile coastline

technological advancements (manea bullets) + outdated tactics (napolean warfare)

31,000 confederate casulaties

• confederate officers keep sidearms and swords

• confederate officers and soldiers kept horses and mules (farming)

• confederate troops were given 3 days of food