APUSH Unit 8/9 Terms

In a speech, Winston Churchill spoke of an iron curtain; a metaphor expresses the division between the U.S. allies in Western Europe and the Soviet Allies in Eastern Europe

Truman’s policy designed to prevent soviet (communist) expansion without coming to war

After the war, truman submitted a $17 bil recovery program for europe (ECONOMIC)

$12 bil approved and distributed to western europe

offered to soviets but declined

deepened communist rivalry but successfully aided countries in need

Military aid for country’s such as greece and turkey (non-communist regimes)

soviet forces blockaded all road, rail, and water routes

u.s. flew in relief week after week via airlift with food and supplies

bombers sent to bases- soviets did not challenge

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

military alliance for defending all members from attack

broke history of no permanent alliances

(truman)

soviets countered with the warsaw pact

provided a centralized department of defense, created a national security council, and created the CIA to combat espionage

cuban dictator who overthrew the cuban revolution and turned communist alongside the soviet regime

failed invasion sent by kennedy where trained cubans landed at the bay of pigs to combat castro’s regime but were forced to surrender when kennedy made the call to not send in U.S. forces

embarassing

soviets has missiles pointed at us from cuba

closest brink of war

kennedy agreed with kruschev that missles would be removed in turkey in exchange

deliberate reduction of cold war tensions (nixon)

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

U.S. got soviet consent to limit missile defenses

origianlly established to seek out nazis but was reactivated to find communists and convinct peole suspect of conspiring

red scare tactic

fear and brutality used to hunt for communists under mccarthy’s presidency

a project of 17k mass produced lowpriced homes to promote suburban growth and the middle class

help for veterans

helped attend college or education, gave loans for houses, health care, etc

vetoed by truman as a slave-labor bill but then overrided by congress

required workers to join a union before being hired, right-to-work laws, outlawing secondary boycotts, cooling period between strikes and national intervention

authorized the consturction of 42k miles of interstate highways linking major cities

eisenhower

first African American Supreme Court Justice, known for his work as a civil rights lawyer and his role in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education.

appointed by johnson

declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional

civil rights organization formed by students in the 1960s. It organized sit-ins and voter registration drives to fight against segregation and discrimination

U.S. pledged economic and military aid to any middle eastern country threatened by communism

if one country falls to communism, the rest will quickly and surely follow

the vietcong launched a surprise attacj on every base in sv on new years; u.s. counteres and vietcong had more casualties

faled and al lost land was immediately reclaimed

gradual withdraw of troops along with money sent in to the troops of sv as they needed to take full control of the war; the us was leaving

university i ohio where protests to nixon’s policy occurred

national guard killed 4 kids

a secret gov study documenting the mistakes and deceptions of gov members in dealing with vietnam

leaked to the press

required any president to report to congress within 48 hrs after taking military action and it would have to be approved if lasted for 60 days

reform under johnson

• food stamp acts

• medicare

• medicaid

• higher education act

• child nutrition act

• immigration act

• housing and urban development dept

made segregation illegal in all public facilities and gave gov fed power to enforce such

abolished poll tax which prevented te poor and minorities from voting

the legal segregation of people based on law

segregation by fact or habit and not necessarily by means of the law

group organized (socialist) to advocate self-rule for american blacks

term popularized by nixon to describe large groups of people who do not diplay their opinions publicly

veterans, elderly, westerners

scandal of nixon’s that revealed he organized the hotel break in covered it up, etc.

protected a women’s right to abortion

Theory that by loaning money to the banks and high end people in the pyramid of economics with the hopes that it would then 'trickle down' to the lower classes

wealthy Americans prospered and this benefitted the middle and poor classes

reaganomics

25% decrease on personal income taxes

specifically benefitted the upper-income taxpayers for the trickle down theory

first woman on the supreme court nominated by reagan

an ambitious plan by reagan to build a high tech system of lasers and particle beams to destroy enemy missiles (star wars)