APUSH Ultimate Knowt (1914-2001 + bonus) 🦅 🇺🇸

The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered the start of World War I in 1914.

The Federal Trade Commission Act was enacted in 1914 to promote fair competition and protect consumers from deceptive or unfair business practices.

A U.S. law passed in 1914 to strengthen previous antitrust legislation by prohibiting certain anti-competitive practices, such as price discrimination and exclusive dealing. It aimed to promote fair competition and protect consumers from monopolies.

passed in 1914, established a cooperative extension service that aimed to bring research-based knowledge from land-grant universities to the people in rural areas. This act was a response to the growing need for practical education and outreach in agriculture and home economics.

In 1869, French engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps finished work on the Suez Canal in Egypt, which provided a direct route for trade and transportation between Europe and Asia. Gained by provoking the Columbian Revolution, the US got the canal zone in 1904. Teddy Roosevelt helped get and develop it by 1914. Released from US control in 1999, it went back to Panama control and was a sign of peacemaking and prosperity post Cold war under Bill Clinton.

A British ocean liner that was sunk by a German submarine off the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915, during World War I. The sinking of the Lusitania, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 1,200 passengers and crew, including 128 Americans, outraged public opinion around the world and contributed to the eventual entry of the United States into the war. The sinking of the Lusitania is often cited as a key factor in turning public sentiment against Germany and influencing the course of the war.

Henry Ford

Birth control activist who supported contraceptive reform.

Agreement that germans would not attack passenger ships without warning after the S.S. Sussex was sunk with 50 Americans onboard.

Established the Interstate Highway System under Eisenhower for national defense.

Created long term low interest loans to support famers. Natnl Farm Loan Associations distributed.

Adamson Act: Passed in 1916, it established an 8-hour workday for railroad workers. It was the first federal law regulating the hours of workers in a private industry.

Mexican Revolutionary who fought against the encomienda system and attacked and killed Americans across the border in 1916.

Established the DoD and its large budget, DoE nuclear weapons programs, and Intelligence Agency.

Limited child labor under Woodrow Wilson by limiting age and working hours and stopping good produced by those under 16 from being sold across state lines. Declared unconstitutional in 1918.

Real child labor act was Fair Labor Standards Act 1938.

1916

1916

Offered military alliance between germany and mexico to reclaim land. It was intercepted by the british and sent to USA. It angered Wilson and was part of war provocation.

Aimed to produce pro WWI propaganda and hold down news from other sources.

Temporarily expanded the military through a draft of men 21-45.

Prohibited:

Obtaining and distributing national defense info

Obstructing enlistment

Disloyalty or encouraging treason

Destruction of property like in the Chicago riot encouraged further segregation but was caused by skirmishes between black and white citizens.

Communist revolution in Russia led by Lenin to establish the Soviet gov. They wanted independence form the outside world, safety form capitalists, and to become an industrial state.

Schneck v. US (1919) established the "clear and present danger" test for free speech limitations, allowing restrictions if speech poses a threat to national security.

Worked with businesses and unions in WWII to keep production on schedule.

Extended Espionage Act to cover speech and opinions against war effort or gov. Also illegalized getting in the way of war production pipelines.

Avian flu that was associated with Spain because it was the first to report deaths when other his it during war buildup. Killed over 500 million, 33% of world. Spread during war.

Prohibition

Ended child labor protections under Keating-Owens but was reinstated under US v. Darby Lumber Co.

Meeting of the big 4 post WWI powers to redraw borders without considering residents ethnic origins, and placed blame on losing side. Provided a platform for Hitler to be against.

Association to prevent further wars through peaceful discord and communicated agreements.

1914-1919

Pseudonym for Communists Party in USA

Prohibits states from denying the right to vote based on gender.

Tried for murder and executed as suspected communists despite evidence that they were innocent.

Cultural blossoming within the Black community in the 1920-30s. Included music, fashion, dance, literature, etc. Started in Harlem, Manhattan.

Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association for black nationalism. He urged blacks to be proud of their culture and identity, and led the ”back to Africa” campaign.

Emergency Quota Act 1921: Limited immigration to 3% of how many ppl from a country were already in the USA.

Immigration Act 1924: Immigration of any nationality was capped at 2% of how many foreign born residents were in the US based on an 1890 census. Also prohibited Asian and African Immigrants.

Early VA which operated hospitals and rehabilitated.

Funded maternity and childcare to lower infant mortality. Ended in 1929.

1921

If women married foreigners who were eligible for citizenship they could keep theirs, but if they weren’t eligible then no.

The Cooperative Marketing Act is a law that allows agricultural producers to collectively market their products to achieve better prices and market access.

Jew who fled pogroms and came to America and was a well known composer. Received presidential medal of freedom, an academy, and a grammy.

Equal rights no matter your sex. Phyllis Schlafly got it to lose.

1923-1929

Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, and orator who was a proponent of Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism in the United States.

1929-1933

An economic program post-WWI to aid Germany in paying reparations by restructuring its debt and receiving foreign loans for recovery.

A 1924 law that restricted immigration and set quotas based on nationality, favoring Northern and Western Europeans.

Passed in 1921, granting U.S. citizenship to Native Americans. Aimed to assimilate them into American society by encouraging land ownership and cultural integration. Destroyed native culture.

Two Jewish college students who committed the kidnapping and murder of a 14 year old boy for “intellectual thrill”. Nation was surprised that Jews would do such a thing. They were also gay.

The division within the Democratic Party in 1948 was over civil rights, leading to the formation of the Dixiecrats who opposed desegregation and the Democrats who pandered to Civil Rights - gaining them support/votes.

Mein Kampf translates to “my struggle”, and was an autobiographical call to arms for the Nazis - written by Hitler.

One dollar for each day in service in USA and 1.25 fro overseas. Up to 500 in USA and up to 625 overseas. To be paid in 20 years after 50 dollars.

Teapot Dome scandal (oil reserves leased to private companies without bidding by Secretary of the Interior for a kickback. imprisoned.)

Alien Property Custodian (In charge of holding property of enemy aliens in WWI and II.)

1924-1928

A man was convicted by Tennessee for teaching evolution. In 1968 the SC ruled this was protected by the First Amendment.

The great American author of the great Gatsby and other books.

Crime boss in Chicago selling booze during prohibition. Son of Italian immigrants.

First Female Governor (Wyoming)

Silent film actor.

Swinger dance popularized in the speakeasies of the roaring 20s. Wildly unpopular with old timers.

Progressive wealth tax up to 75% of highest earners

American writer who is romanticized for his adventurousness and writing style.

The Old man and the sea

For whom the bell tolls

A farewell to arms

A moveable feast

American poet who led Harlem renaissance in jazz poetry.

Gertrude Ederle

Sung by Segregationists at Civil Rights marches. Banned by Nazis along with all jazz music.

Oversaw radio broadcasting

First nonstop flight from NY to Paris

Most famous baseball player

Attempted to outlaw war by having every nation agree. Got 15.

Calvin Coolidge

Elected 1928. Served 1929-1933.

Reduced land being used for farming, reduced crop output, bought food off the market to store, to stop prices from falling too fast. Failed.

Only 10 percent of Americans were invested in stocks but it lowered spending, caused panic, hurt corporation prospects, increased unemployment, and spiraled into a banking crisis feedback loop. The negative media of yellow journalists also exacerbated fears.

Al Capone murdered 7 opponents to keep control. He didn’t get caught but it increased anti-mob gov.

Ernest Hemmingway

William Faulkner

As part of the New Deal, the PWA and WPA stimulated the economy and decreased unemployment. Anti-great depression.

In 1935 the gov seeded grass, rotated crops, used contour plowing, strip plowing, and shelter belt trees to stop it. Caused by drought, land use, decreased roots of native grassland, and decreased whet prices reducing crop land roots.

1931

1931

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a U.S. government agency established during the Great Depression to provide financial support to industries, banks, and local governments.

The Federal Reserve System is divided into twelve districts, each served by a Federal Reserve Bank, which are located in major cities across the United States.

The Bonus Army was a group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised to them for their wartime service.

Japan

The Glass-Steagall Act, passed in 1933, separated commercial and investment banking activities in the United States, aiming to prevent conflicts of interest and stabilize the banking system after the Great Depression.

The Federal Home Loan Bank Act, enacted in 1932, established a system of regional banks to support mortgage lending and home ownership by providing low-cost funding to member financial institutions.

The "Brain Trust" was a group of academic advisors and experts assembled by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to help formulate policies and guide the New Deal programs.

The Stimson Doctrine, declared in 1932 by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Stimson, stated that the United States would not recognize territorial changes resulting from aggression or conquest, particularly referring to Japan's invasion of Manchuria.

1932

During the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "100 Days Plan" referred to the period immediately after his inauguration in 1933, during which he swiftly implemented numerous New Deal programs aimed at addressing the economic crisis, including banking reforms, job creation initiatives, and relief for the unemployed.

The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1933, changed the start and end dates of the terms of the president and Congress, ensuring a more efficient transition of power.

The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1933, repealed Prohibition, thereby ending the nationwide ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally-owned corporation established in 1933 to provide flood control, electricity generation, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley region, which was severely affected by the Great Depression and environmental degradation.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was enacted in 1933 as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program, aiming to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses through subsidies paid to farmers for reducing production.

The Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act, passed in 1934, empowered the President of the United States to negotiate bilateral trade agreements with other countries, aiming to reduce tariffs and promote international trade, particularly during the Great Depression.

During the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a nationwide "bank holiday" in 1933, temporarily closing all banks to prevent further panic withdrawals and to allow for the implementation of reforms to stabilize the banking system.

The World Economic Conference, held in 1933 in London, aimed to address the global economic crisis of the Great Depression by coordinating international responses and promoting cooperation among nations, but ultimately failed to produce significant agreements or solutions.