The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
blind spot
Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates
selective attention
What is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?
cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina
Which of the following circumstances is most likely to contribute to conduction hearing loss?
misuse of Q-tips (cotton swabs) in cleaning your ears
Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
middle ear.
Under very dim levels of illumination
rods are more light-sensitive than cones
Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that
the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate
According to frequency theory
the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard
The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces
stroboscopic movement.
Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?
chemical senses
According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing
activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
figure-ground
Mr. Kim's experience of chronic back pain is influenced by his cultural background, his attentional processes, and nerve damage caused by an automobile accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Kim's suffering is most clearly provided by
a biopsychosocial approach.
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
detection; interpretation
Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as
relative height.
Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?
retinal disparity
After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory.
place
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the
absolute threshold.
Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?
signal detection theory
The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on
the vestibular sense.
Movement of the hair cells along the basilar membrane
initiates transduction and the transmission of neural messages to the auditory cortex.
Sensory adaptation refers to
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of
difference thresholds.
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
the opponent-process theory.
The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as
linear perspective.
A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately
locating sounds.
The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates
the phi phenomenon.
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates
Weber's law.
As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
shape constancy
Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?
Gestalt psychologists
According to the Young-Helmholtz theory
the retina contains three kinds of color receptors
Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?
dilation of the pupil
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.
brightness
The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called
proximity
The basilar membrane is located in the
cochlea
Why is transduction important to sensation?
It converts physical stimuli, such as light, into neural messages.
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
cones
Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?
bottom-up processing
A perceptual set is a
mental predisposition that influences what we perceive
The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation.
visual