sin²x+ cos²x
1
sin(2θ)
2sinθcosθ
cos2θ
cos²(θ) - sin²(θ)
cos2θ
2cos²θ-1
cos2θ
1-sin²θ
logb (x*y)
logb x + logb y
logb (x/y)
logb x - logb y
logb x^n
nlogb x
limx→c [f(x)±g(x)]
L±K
limx→c [f(x)*g(x)]
L*K
limx→c [f(x)/g(x)]
L/K
limx→c [f(x)]^n
L^n
limx→c a*g(x)
a*K
a* limx→c g(x)
limx→0 (sinx)/x
1
limx→0 (1-cosx)/x
0
Instantaneous Rate of Change
lim h→0 (f(x+h)-f(x)) /h
Power rule
P(x) = x^n
P’(x) = nx^n-1
Product Rule (y=a*b)
First d-last + Last d-first
Product Rule (hi/low)
low* d-high - hi* d-low/ (low)²
d/dx (sin(x))
cos(x)
d/dxx (cos(x))
-sin(x)
d/dx (tan(x))
sec²x
d/dx (sec(x))
sec(x)tan(x)
d/dx (cot(x))
-csc²(x)
d/dx (csc(x))
-csc(x)cot(x)
d/dx [f(g(x))]
f’(g(x)) * g’(x)
[f(u)]’
f’(u) * u’
[e^f(x)]’
e^f(x) * f’(x)
d/dx sin^-1 (x)
1/ (√1-x²)
d/dx cos^-1 (x)
-1/(√1-x²)
d/dx tan^-1 (x)
1/(1+x²)
d/dx (a^u)
a^u * ln(a)* u
d/dx ln(x)
1/x
d/dx a^x
a^x * ln(x)
d/dx logbx
1/ (xlnb)
d/dx logb(u)
(1/(u*lnb))*u’
∫(f(x)+g(x))dx
∫f(x) + ∫g(x)
∫cf(x)dx
c*∫f(x)dx
Integral Power Rule
∫x^n dx
((x^n+1)/n-1) + c
a∫a f(x)dx
0
b∫a f(x)dx
-a∫b f(x) dx
a∫b f(x)dx
a∫c f(x)dx + c∫b f(x)dx
a∫b c*f(x)dx
c* a∫b f(x)dx
a∫b (f(x)+g(x))dx
a∫b f(x)dx + a∫b g(x)dx
Average Value
f(C)= 1/(b-a) a∫b f(x)dx
√x²
lxl
FTC 1
a∫b f(x)dx = F(x)lab
F(b)-F(a)
∫1/u du
lnlul+c
∫e^u du
e^u +c
∫a^u du
a^u /lna +c
∫ 1/(√1-x²)dx
sin^-1 x +c
∫1/(1+x²)dx
tan^-1 x +c
d/dx sin^-1 u
1/√(1-u²) * u’
d/dx tan^-1 u
1/(1+u²) * u’
∫1/√(a²-u²) du
sin^-1 (u/a) + c
∫1/(a² +u²)du
1/a tan^-1 (u/a) +c
Trapezoid Sums
(1/2)((b-a)/N)(f(x)+…fN(x))
d/dx tan(x)
sec² (x)
d/dx cot(x)
-csc² (x)
d/dx sec(x)
sec(x)tan(x)
d/dx csc(x)
-csc(x)cot(x)
∫tan u du
-ln l cos(u)+c l
∫cot u du
ln lsin(u)l + c
∫sec u du
ln lsec(u) + tan(u)l + c
∫csc u du
-ln lcdc(u) + cot(u)l + c
∫sec² u du
tan u + c
∫csc² u du
-cot u + c
∫sec u tan u du
sec u + c
∫csc u cot u du
-csc u + c
Square cross sections
s²
Equilateral triangle cross sections
((√3)/4) s²
Rectangle cross sections
base * height
Semi-circle cross sections
π/8 (s)²
Alternate definition of the derivative
f’(C) = lim x→ c (f(x)-f(C))/x-c
Average Rate of Change
f(b) - f(a) / b-a
Intermediate Value Theorem
If the function f(x) is continuous on [a,b], and y is a number between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one number x=c in the open interval (a,b) such that f(C)=y