Ancient Greeks

Minoans

-pre-greek civilization

-island of crete

-1750 BC —> 1500 BC (when they were the greatest)

-success based on trade, not conquest

-polytheistic

east

the Agean sea is _____ of Greece

honor

having a moral code and trying to live by it

courage

being afraid of something that you need to do that is scary or difficult, but doing it anyways

eloquence

someone skilled at public speaking

Isthmus

Greece is part of the Balkan peninsula

peloponnesian peninsula

the lower peninsula of Greece

Artisan

someone skilled at making something out of raw materials

Fresco

watercolor painting on wet plaster

Myceneans

-pre-greek civilization

-1400 BC —> 1200 BC

-conquered the Greek mainland and later, Crete.

-traded with Egypt, mesopotamia, Haly, and Sicily

-Trojan War

Homer

traveling poet who was blind and sang/told stories all over Greece, approx. 750 BC

The Iliad

-trojan war

-The adventures of Achilles

The odyssey

The adventures of Odysseus who wants to return home to his wife, Penelope

city-state

(polis) An independent, self-governing city that is not a part of any regional or national government

-in between mountains and water

Acropolis

An area that is above the main city that had polytheistic temples for the Gods and Goddesses

Monarchies

king or queen, royal family

Aristocracies

rule by wealthy land owners

oligarchies

rule by a small group

Sparta

the military city-state.

-isolated, strong and fierce

Athens

highly developed culture city-state

-art, drama, literature, philosophy, democracy

Spartan government

-2 kings

-coucil of elders

-assembly of citizens

-5 ephors run the government every day

Athenian government

-Direct democracy

-Pericles wanted more power for the people and less for the government and himself

The Peloponesian League

-Sparta and allied city-states

-supported Oligarchy

-Persia

The Delian league

-Athens and allied city-states

-supported democracy

-Thebes helped

Persia

long-time enemy of Greeks

Philip ||

(Macedonia) wanted to capture Greece

Philiosophers

-”lovers of wisdom”

-rational thinking

-math, science, music, ethics and morality, government, human behavior

the Sophists

-Relative truth

-A group of philosophers from Athens

-believed that success was more important than moral truth

Socrates

-Absolute truth

-Athenian stonemason and philosopher

-spoke out against the relativism of the Sophists

-did not believe in gods

-rational thought can lead to discovery of permanent moral truth

Reative truth

Nothing is true at all times, at all places, for all people

Absolute truth

Some things are true at all times, in all places, for all people

Amoral

not concerning moral right or wrong

Plato

-Socrates student

-wrote down all of Socrates’ ideas

-rejected democracy because “it” had killed Socrates

-left Athens for 10 years

The Socratic method

-teaching through questions

-talked to young people to try to get them to think critically about their own lives

corrupting

Socrates is accused of ___________ the youth of Athens, is charged, found guilty, then sentenced to death

The academy

-Plato created this school after he returned to Athens

-taught philosophy, logic, and the teachings of Socrates

Plato’s government theory

-basically dictatorship

1.Philosophers

2.Soldiers

3. Common people

Aristotle

-Platos student

-early work in science

-believed that observation and our 5 senses will lead to truth

-thought that the sun moves around the Earth (geocentric)

The Lyceum

-Aristotle created this liberal arts school

-wanted to create well-rounded people who had some knowledge about a wide variety of subjects

Classical ideals

Balance, beauty, order, form, symmetry

Tragedy

plays that tell stories of human suffering that usually end in disaster

comedy

humorous plays that mocked people or customs, criticized society in a humorous way.

herodotus

-”father of history”

-did research and interviews

-watched out for bias and conflicting accounts

thusydides

-wrote about Peloponnesian war which he, as an Athenian, lost

-tried to be fair to both sides

Polis

refers to a city-state

Acropolis

The religious and monumental center of a city-state. Often on a hilltop. (not a building or structure)

helots

slaves in Sparta, they were required to work the land and were woned by the state

Parthenon

Temple dedicated to the goddess Athena in Ancient Greece.

-Located on the Acropolis in Athens

-one of the greatest architectural achievements of the ancient world

Pericles

an influential statesman and general in Ancient Greece.

-known for his leadership during the Golden age of Athens and for promoting democracy and the arts

zeus

King of gods in mythology

-ruler of mount Olympus and the god of the sky, thunder, and lightening

Athena

Goddess of wisdom, courage, and strategic warefare

-also associated with arts, crafts, and civilization

helios

Sun god

straight

narrow passage of water connecting 2 larger bodies of water

The republic

Book that described Platos government theory

27 years

how long was the Peloponnesian war

neither

which side did Thusydides take