Sensation

Energy -> waves -wavelengths - distance of peaks

-longest to shortest -ROYGBIV (red longest / violet short)

protects the outer layer of the eye

hole in the eye that absorbs light

makes the pupil dilate and shrink

contract / expand focus on one thing

cones

(film of camera) vision cells and the light/photo receptors; project from the brain -eye concentration : "you are my phobia, everyone else is in my retina." (inner layer) (opposite of cornea)

retina to brain

cannot see anything (Brain knows/ fills in side of sight); no retina

sharpness of vision (people with glasses don't have good acuity)

receive the light information -transductions - The conversion of the extersion stimuli into neural impulses -rods-cones

outlines and shapes

color - vision; color blindness

3 types of cones pick up blue, red, and green

2 sets of opposing colors: blue and yellow; red and green

what you hear

air molecules

higher/low frequency

higher wave

part you can see -- Pinna

funnel sound wave

malleus - a small bone in the middle ear which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus.

incus - a small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes.

stapes - a small stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.

all vibrate and are bones in the ear

movement of fluid within the cochlea and activation of receptors for hearing.

the fluid in the ear; upright; dizzy -> fluid still moving

sense of hearing and participates in the process of auditory transduction

ear converts sound waves into electric impulses and sends them to the brain so we can interpret them as sound.

reading location of the cilia; low, medium, high

all cilia vibrating at same time but with different speed per pitch

conductive and sensorineural

hearing aides

problem with nerves in the ear

has to do with smell

taste / smell

-adapt to environment through evolutionary perspective. -get used to it (filter smell out) (nose blind)

sent can change taste of food

smell stronger -> molecules move fast

receptors can be regenerated

connect directly to limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus) and thalamus

smell chemicals released -covid in brain -"dogs and bees smell fear"

has to do with taste

sweet, sour, bitter, saltiness, umami

mushrooms and meat

more flavor sensitive -bitter foods/sour -coffee -grapefruit -chili peppers

balance

body position/where limbs are/locate

vestibular and kinesthetic

organizing and making sense of sensory information

top-down processing (concept driven) -perceptual set -priming

the way you perceive

mental filing cabinet for sense

perceive differently based on current state of mind

take data and place together -monocular depth cues

amount/limit (something that needs to be passed) -absolute threshold -difference threshold (JND)

minimal amount of stimuli needed to detect something -signal detectiond

mental/emotional state can effect threshold -"creepy sound in house"

how much stimuli is needed to detect the difference between stimuli -Weber's Law -"how much turning up the temperature to notice"

take in multiple types of sensory information at the same time

brain will filter out information that is not important (clothes on skin)

listen to other conversation (hear your name)

getting used to sensory stimuli and brain filtering out unchanging senses

inability to notice change in things.

tendency to fill gaps between lines.

the ability to differentiate an object from its background

grouping close objects together

grouping similar looking items

continued lines grouped

contentedness

ability to tell how far/close something is

test babies depth perception to cross over

monocular cues; close:big - far:small

monocular cues; high:far - low:close

monocular cues; things that are behind are therefore further away

monocular cues; clear:closer - foggy:far

monocular cues; smooth:far - rough:close

monocular cues; converge together to meet at one point

monocular cues; back:slow - close:fast

pencil test - two pencils show retinal disparity - each retina overlays and creates depth (3-D movie) convergence - closer your eyes are, it will aim sharply

one object layer over multiple shots

perception of motion in lights

the same size but different positions

judges an object's size based on its background.

makes lines of the same length appear to be different.

the image is different but imagine it the same

if the color is under a shadow, we think of it still the same color

humans experience the shortest visible electromagnetic waves as what?

what is the conversion of stimulus energies into neural impulses called

perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.

pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.

method of differentiating a person's ability to discriminate the presence and absence of a stimulus

individual neurons—or groups of neurons—in the brain which code for perceptually significant stimuli.

cognitive psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus.

"the whole exceeds the sum of it's parts"

a red rose looks equally as red when wearing sunglasses vs when not, why is that?