Unit 5 Review

Process where specialized diploid cells divide into 4 haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, producing gametes like eggs and sperm.

Study of inheritance patterns in offspring from parental crosses, following laws like segregation and independent assortment proposed by Gregor Mendel.

Principle stating that alleles separate during gamete formation, leading to a 1:2 ratio of genotypes in offspring.

Concept that alleles of different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Genetic disorder causing nerve degeneration, uncontrollable movements, and often fatal outcomes.

Inheritance patterns that do not adhere to Mendel's laws, including phenomena like incomplete dominance, codominance, and epistasis.

Sex-linked diseases mainly affect one sex more than the other and can skip generations, while autosomal diseases affect both sexes equally.

Trait expressed when inherited from one parent, often visible in the phenotype.

Trait expressed only when inherited from both parents, typically masked by dominant traits.

Interaction between genes where the phenotype of one gene affects the expression of another gene.

Inheritance pattern where multiple genes contribute to a single trait, such as height or eye color.