AMSCO Unit 5 KC#1 (5.1-5.5) Terms 1-47

The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade.

The long-term weather patterns in a region.

Primary goal is to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.

The primary goal of the farmer is to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit.

Concentrated on a single area or subject or into a short time; very thorough or vigorous.

Obtaining a relatively small crop from a large area with a minimum of attention and expense.

The money invested in land, equipment, and machines.

This type of subsistent extensive agriculture is practiced in arid and semi-arid climated throughout the world.

In this type of subsistent extensive farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two.

A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop.

An intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals.

In regions too dry for mixed crop agriculture, farmers often raise wheat.

Typical fruits and vegetables grown in the United States include lettuce, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes.

Traditionally, diaries were local farms that supplied products to customers in a small geographic area.

The geographic distance that milk is delivered.

Practiced in regions with hot, dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some irrigation.

The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter.

The commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area.

These settlements had groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place and often shared of services, such as schools.

Patterns in which farmers lived in homes spread throughout the countryside.

In which buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water or along a transportation route.

Were used for short distances and often referred to features or specific points.

Created rectangular plots of consistent size.

In which farms were long, thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river.

This was the origin of farming, it was marked by the domestication of plants and animals. Much of the farming that took place during this time was subsistence farming.

Any person who depends primarily on wild foods for subsistence.

Is the process of using animals for human use.

Is the process of using plants for human use.

Known as the "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world.

Crops and animals were domesticated in multiple regions with seemingly no interaction among the people.

Was the global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas.

Began in the 1700s, used the advances of the Industrial Revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth.

Were a series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use.

It involved the mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.

The technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil.

The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other human-made devices, rather than to rely on just rainfall.

Rapid increase in population due to food availability as the era marked an increase in crop yields and animal productivity.

This revolution expanded mechanization of farming, developed new global agricultural systems, and used scientific and information technologies to further previous advances in agricultural production.

Dr. Norman Borlaug laid the foundation for scientifically increasing the food supply to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population.

Successful for efforts to increase crop yields came to be known as the "Green Revolution".

The process of breeding two plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics.

Mechanized agricultural production, thus making farm work easier.

A process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed.

Led to high productivity of crops through adapted measures, such as (1) increased area under farming, (2) double-cropping

Been widely criticized for causing environmental damage. Excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides has polluted waterways, poisoned agricultural workers, and killed beneficial insects and other wildlife.

Generated an average 7 percent wage increase for male laborers, while women's wages registered a relative decline.

The lack of irrigation facilities and that rainfall is very unreliable, while soil fertility is also very low.