power and the people questions

• john introduced scrutage tax to help fund his wars

• barons refused to pay it

• in 1207 the pope made stephen langton the archbishop of canterbury

• john argued with the pope abt stephen langton which lead to john being excommunicated in 1209

1209

• john lost land in normandy

• he also lost land in the battle of bouvines

• the barons began to raise an army against him in 1215

Runnymeade

1215

• john went back on his word

• he got the backing of the pope who said the magna carta didnt count as john was forced to sign it

1216

• people would have more say over their rights

• barons could decide what the king does

• barons would check on the king to see he stuck to the agreement

• laid foundation for democracy in the UK

• made people get a free and fair trial

• formed the basis of the human rights legislation

1258

• council of 15 barons would be in charge of the great council

• theyd be voted in my 24 men

• foreign household members would be banished

• castles would be held by englishmen

• taxes decided locally

• barons refused to fund wars in sicily

• gave barons majority of power

• they could make decisions without the king

• people lower in society were given more of a say

• ideas formed the basis of de montfords parliament of 1265

• paved the way for ordinary people to have a say in politics

• many barons were undecided on the provisions of oxford

• henry III used this weakness with the pope to cancel the provisions in 1261

• after 3 years of henrys rule the barons sent for de montford who led the 2nd barons war

• de montford captured henry IIIs son prince edward

• left england without a king and Simon de Montford was in charge

• england was becoming a republic under de Montford

• he changed the great council system - 9 barons not 24

• this was known as the 1st parliament

• reconfirmed the magna carta

not significant as

• barons thought de montford had too much power so they were back to supporting Henry again

• in 1295 Edward I made the model parliament - based on de montfords

• was the most similar to ours today

1381

• there werent enough people to harvest crops

• less people working so people demanded higher wages

• people were angered by the statute of labourers in 1351

  — meant they were earning the same amount as before the plague but doing more hours

• in 1381 everyone over 15 had to pay the equivalent to 4 pennies when it used to be one

• said church had been exploiting peasants

• John Ball and John Wyclif argued that the church shouldnt be charging pardon for sins

• said they shouldnt have so much property when people are starving

• people marched to maidstone to hear Wat Tyler speak and they made him their leader

• they freed John Ball from prison

• the king and rebels meet

• tyler outlines his demands to the king

• richard gives a pardon to all those involved

• richard agrees to the demands

• one of his soldiers accidentally kills Wat Tyler as he thought he was trying to kill the king

• some began to fight with the soldiers

• the king says hell agree to the demands and the revolt ends

not very significant as

• king went back on his demands as he was forced to make them

• rebel leaders and John Balls bodies were cut into pieces

• poll tax was never as high again

• workers were given higher wages after the black death

1536

• dissolution of the monasteries

• church went from catholic to protestant

• catholics wanted the pope as the head of the church not henry VIII

• food prices rose - people were starving

• henry increased taxes to fund wars

• many dislikes thomas cromwell and thought he shouldnt be the kings advisor

Robert Aske

• people marched in yorkshire with banners containing the 5 wounds of christ - shows its a catholic protest

• henry agreed to a parliament in york

• no more monasteries would be shut

• rebels would be pardoned

• aske removed his badge to show unity with the king

• a castle was attacked by the rebels

• henry used this as an excuse to cancel the pardons

• 216 were killed and aske was hanged in 1537

• this lead to henry speeding up his religious reforms

• 30,000 supporters compared to henrys 8,000

• initially got henry to agree to demands

not significant as

• henry went against his demands

• many were executed

• henry built up his garrison

• demonstrated that large uprisings can be effective in gaining attention from the king

• forced him to at least negotiate

1642

• charles fought wars w spain and france

• fought the scottish bishops over prayer books

• had to pay them 850 pounds a day till they left england

• charles avoided calling parliament

• c angered protestants by marring Henrietta Maria

• william laud (archbishop) introduced a new prayer book in 1637

• c needed money for wars

• introduced ship money tax

• worried gov as he was made more financially independent

• charles dissolved parliament for 11 years in 1629 = 11 years tyranny

• he called parl. in 1940 cause he needed money for war but dissolved it after a month - short parl.

• he called gov again in 1640 and agreed to demands from MP john pym - the grand remonstrance

• he declared war on gov in august 1642 and the civil war began

• = the new model army

• lived by a strict religious and moral code

• chose men based on their ability

parl. = roundheads

monarchy = cavaleers

27th jan 1649

30th jan 1649

• he died in 1658

• phillip and mary

1773

1770

1819

• only people who owned land could vote

• only men could vote even if women owned land

• no secret ballot

• rotten boroughs

he published pamphlets that called for universal male suffrage at the time of peterloo

1832

• 56 rotten boroughs would loose the right to elect an MP

• 30 others would loose 1 MP

• london and other cities gain MPs

• people who earn 150 a year can vote

• numbers of voters increase ( almost 50% )

1830s

• votes for every man over 21

• secret ballot

• no property qualification for MPs

• payment of MPs

• annual election

• equal constituencies

• started a campaign for reform

• starter a peaceful chartist movement in birmingham

• gov rejected his reforms

• made people think peaceful methods weren’t enough

• became the leader of the chartist movement in 1842

• encouraged more violent methods to prove resilience