Transcription & Translation Verbal Study

Transcription: DNA → mRNA

Translation: mRNA → Protein

TransCription → TransLation

**The letter “c” comes before the letter “l” in the alphabet. To remember that transcription comes before translation, remember that transcription has a “c” and translation has an “l”

Nucleus

• Template/noncoding/reading strand

• Single stranded

• Uracil

• TI Complex (general/basal transcription factors & RNA polymerase)

• Promoter/TATA box

• Transcription bubble

• RNA Polymerase

• DNA template/noncoding/reading strand read 3’ → 5’

• Pre-mRNA synthesized 5’ → 3’

• Polyadenylation Signal

Nucleus

Export from nucleus and ribosomal recognition during translation

• Protects from exonuclease activity

• Export from nucleus

• Translation Termination

• Introns vs. Exons

• Alternative splicing

Ribosome

• 30S/60S subunit

• APE sites

• Anticodon

• Amino Acid

• Initiation complex

  • Small ribosomal subunit, initiator UAC/Met tRNA

• Binding to 5’ cap

• Scan for start codon (AUG)

• Large ribosomal subunit joins w/ tRNA at P site

• Matching tRNA binds to the codon at A site

• Peptide bond formation

• Polypeptide attached to tRNA at A site

• mRNA shifts forward one codon

• tRNA related at E site

• Stop codon (UAA/UAG/UGA)

• Release Factors

• Alteration and/or removal of amino acids

• 3D folding w/ chaperone proteins

• Join other polypeptide chains to form multi-subunit proteins