History 11 Final

1949- Sino-Soviet Alliance

• Allience btw China & Soviet U → shift Cold War focus from Europe to Asia

1971- Ping Pong Policy

• A diplomatic initiative between the United States and China in the early 1970s that involved the exchange of table tennis players between the two countries, leading to improved relations.

Tet Offesive

• turning point of the Vietnam War

• durign the lunar year

• S. Vietnam & USA lost

Vietnamization

• gradual withdraw of US troops

Dien Bien Phu

• last french outpost in N. Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh Trail

• where supplies were passed from N. Vietnam to the Vietcong in S. Vietnam

• went through Cambodia and Laos

Laos

Cambodia

• USA $ S. Vietnam INVADE of Cambidia

• trying to suppress communism

• result→ Cambodia civil war

Philippines

Japan

• USA bombed Hiroshima & Nagasaki

North Korea & South Korea

• Korean War

  • START: N. Korea attacks S. Korea

  • UN was conflicted on whether or not they should intervene…. in end decide to launch surprise attack with USA & UK at Incheon

  • USA General MacArthur called fro an extension of the war into China → got fired

  • END: War ends in a stalemate & no peace treaties signed

California

• Watts Riots

  • worst & most violent urban riots

  • predominantly in Black neighborhood

  • Fighting for Civil Rights, housing changes, and poverty increase in cities & against the Vietnam war &

New York

• After the Stonewall Riots there were a lot of demonstrations in NY promoting Gay Rights

Kansas

Brown v Board of Education

• charged the board of education of Topeka, Kansas, with violating Linda’s rights by denying her admission to an  elementary school four blocks from her house.

• The second Brown ruling ordered school desegregation implemented “with all deliberate speed.” Initially President Eisenhower refused to enforce compliance.

Arkansa

• Little Rock 9

  • nine African-American students who had volunteered to desegregate Little Rock’s Central High School.

  • The Governor refused to let the schools integrate → Eisenhower placed National Guard to protect the students

Mississippi

• Freedom Summer

  • CORE and SNCC workers in the South began registering as many African Americans as they could to vote, to influence Congress to pass a voting rights ac

Alabama

• Montgomery Bus Boycott

  • started by Rosa Parks

  • Black people refused to ride buses

  • result→  the Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation

• Children’s March/Birmingham protest

  • After Dr King’s arrest, African American radios began sending secret messages to black children and urging them to march on ‘D Day’.

  • more than a thousand African-American children marched in Birmingham (the most segregated city in America). Police commissioner Eugene “Bull” Connor’s men arrested 959 of the

  • a lot of exposure in TV

• Selma Campaign

  • after a demonstrator named Jimmy Lee Jackson was shot and killed, King responded by announcing a 50-mile protest march from Selma to Montgomery

  • marchers faced a lot of police brutality

Tennesse

• Assassination of Dr. Martin Luthor King

  • King was assassinated by James Earl Ray.

  • SPARKED RIOTS

North Carolina

• Sit ins

  • College staged a sit-in at a whites-only lunch counter and would not leave until they were served

• Freedom riders

  • started here

  • would travel across country by bus trying to desegregate interstate buses

USSR, E Germany, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland

Satellite Nations

• Stalin installed communist governments here

• By dominating this region, the Soviet Union was attempting to stop further invasions from the West and keep their power in Eastern Europe.

USSR

• Salt I signed with USA

  • agreed to a limited number of ballistic missiles, as well as a limited number of missile deployment sites. Additionally, the two countries agreed to a principle of non-interference and respect for national sovereignty.

Austria

SALT II

• signed btw USA & USSR

• goal: limited the total of both nations' nuclear forces to 2,250 delivery vehicles and placed a variety of other restrictions on deployed strategic nuclear forces

• HOWEVER treaty was never passed because USSR invaded Afghansitan

Switzerland

• Geneva Summit - btw Reagan & Gorbachev

• GOAL: bring the nuclear arms race under control.

Hungary

• Hungarian Revolt of 1956:

  • Hungarian people rose in revolt in 1956, calling for a democratic government

  • Imre Nagy, the most popular and liberal Hungarian Communist leader, formed a new government. He promised free elections, denounced the Warsaw Pact, and demanded that all Soviet troops leave Hungary

  • In response, Soviet U attack Hungary & overthrew gov.

  • USA did not help Hungary fight Soviets

Finland

• Helsinki Accords

  • 35 nations signed, which including the USSR

  • series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe.

Berlin

• Berlin Blockade

  • Stalin closed all highway and rail routes into West Berlin

  • As a result, no food or fuel could reach that part of the city.

  • → Berlin airlift

• Berlin Airlfit

  • American and British officials started the Berlin airlift to fly food and supplies into West Berlin

  • boosted American prestige around the world.

  • beat Souviet U

• Berlin Wall

  • East German troops began to unload concrete posts and rolls of barbed wire along the border. Within days, the Berlin Wall, a concrete wall topped with barbed wire that severed the city in two

• singed in Poland

• A collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union immediately after West Germany was permitted to rearm and joined the Alliance and NATO

• Soviet Union, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Albania were part of it

• made as a result of the Berlin Blockade

• NATO focused on collective defense and the protection of its members from potential threats emanating from the Soviet Union

• countries that were part of it: USA, Portugal, France, UK, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Turkey…