ASTR 101 FINAL :D

A disadvantage of the Equatorial Coordinate system is that a stars coordinates change regularly

Retrograde motion is caused by relative motion between Earth and the planets outside its orbit

Newton’s 2nd law can be used to derive Kepler’s 3rd law if a circular orbit is assumed

The seasons are driven by the proximity of Earth to the Sun due to its elliptical orbit

All planets have circular orbits

Kepler understood what drove the law’s he derived from the orbit of Mars

Kepler’s Second Law is a consequence of conservation of angular momentum

Adaptive optics allow the observer to correct the mirror in real time

An object moving toward you would have the blackbody peak shifted to shorter wavelengths

It is easier to make a mirror than a lens

As an object gets hotter and hotter it becomes more and more red and bright

A single atom produces only one spectral line

The terrestrial planets typically have no or small moons.

Jupiter radiates more energy than it receives from the Sun

Uranus has no indications of interactions with other bodies.

The Earth's Moon is a captured body with a different composition

The planets all rotate in the same direction due to conservation of angular momentum

Copernicus proposed and Galileo proved the _________ model

The ___________ coordinate system locates stars with a right ascension and declination

The location at the _________ of the Horizontal Coordinate system is the zenith

An eccentricity of 0 yields a ________

By measuring the ___________________ we can use Wein’s Law to deduce the temperature of a star

Differentiation between the planets is driven by differences in the chemical composition due to the primordial solar system _______ from the outside in

________ and Earth are similar in elemental composition but different in the chemical combinations

We can use the difference in the doppler shift to measure the __________ rate of planets

One of the primary issues with sending probes to the outer planets is the amount of delta-v, fuel, or _______ required to reach them

The surface of the sun is homogenous except for sun spots

Sun spots are created by the differential rotation leading to areas isolated by distortions in the magnetic field

The sunlight that we see is directly generated by the fusion in the core of the Sun

The sun is made up of mostly Hydrogen

Fusion releases energy by creating elements with a higher binding energy per nucleon

Fusion is the process of combining protons into heavier nuclei, neutrinos, electrons, and

The convection zone is an area where the ________ energy from fusion is absorbed by the inner most boundary and transferred to the outer most boundary by a difference in the temperature of the material

In the model of the Sun the inner most layer is a relatively inactive region where waste ________ collects displacing fusing hydrogen

Variable stars are stars whose mass varies with time

After geometric arguments all means of measuring distances rely on finding the absolute brightness of the object and comparing to the observed brightness.

The classification of stars was originally done by temperature

If all stars are plotted based on color/temperature and brightness there are no patterns

The apparent magnitude of the sun is ~-30

A _______ is the distance associated with a parallax angle of 1 arc second and base line of 1 Astronomical Unit

A __________ is distance light travels in one year

The 21 cm line of hydrogen comes from the interaction between the magnetic fields of the proton and orbiting electron

An absorption nebula comes from cold matter emitting light at specific wavelengths

As mass increases the timescale of formation shortens

We detect many different molecules in gas clouds

Though thought of as empty space contains very thinly dispersed matter

We can detect exoplanets by the oscillations in the spectra of the stars they orbit or their _____________ in front of the star obscuring the light

As a star forms the formation ends at a line on the H-R Diagram called the _______ sequence

As the temperature of a star increases it will emit energy by forming ______ of material in the T Tauri Phase

_______ are regions of gas and dust that can also contain stars

A stellar cluster can be aged based on where the stars turn off of the main sequence

A Type I supernova is distinguished from a Type II supernova by the presence of hydrogen lines in the Type I supernova

Proton-proton fusion stops being able to support a star due to expansion of the Helium Core

A Type II supernova results in a neutron star

The fate of a star can be determined by the initial mass of the star

A white dwarf is an object made up of compressed matter supported by the _________ orbitals in the atoms it is made up of

he Chandrasekhar mass is the mass at which the ____________ from the electron orbitals can no longer support the gravitational pressure and depends on the composition of the object

A type Ia supernova has an absolute magnitude of -19.5. The sun has an apparent magnitude of -26.74. How far away must an observer be from a type Ia supernova for it to have an apparent magnitude equal to the suns apparent magnitude in pc?

Once a star turns off of the ________________ it becomes a Red Giant and could creates elements up to iron

Fusion is the process of combining protons into heavier nuclei, neutrons, electrons, and _________.

The convection zone is an area where the __________ energy from fusion is absorbed by the inner most boundary and transferred to the outer most boundary by a difference in the temperature of the material.

In the model of the Sun the inner most layer is a relatively inactive region where waste ________ collects displacing fusing hydrogen.

A _______ is the distance associated with a parallax angle of 1 arc second and base line of 1 Astronomical Unit

A _____________ is distance light travels in one year.

We can detect exoplanets by the oscillations in the spectra of the stars they orbit or their _______ in front of the star obscuring the light

As a star forms the formation ends at a line on the H-R Diagram called the ______ sequence.

As the temperature of a star increases it will emit energy by forming _____ of material in the T Tauri Phase

______ are regions of gas and dust that can also contain stars

Once a star turns off the ________ it becomes a Red Giant and could create elements up to iron

A white dwarf is an object made up of compressed matter supported by the ____________ orbitals in the atoms it is made up of

The Chandrasekhar mass is the mass at which the ___________ from the electron orbitals can no longer support the gravitational pressure and depends on the composition of the object.

The light from the East limb (edge) of the Sun is blue shifted and the light from the West limb is redshifted. This is because ____________.

Sunspots appear dark because they are _________________.

Tremendous pressure is created at the Sun’s center due to its own gravity. The Sun is kept from collapsing by ____________.

The proton-proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process?

For two stars of the same apparent brightness, the star closer to the Sun will generally have:

Which of the following do you need to calculate a star’s luminosity?

A binary star system:

What are the two most important intrinsic properties for classifying stars?

How many radians in 60 degrees

If the parallax of a star is measured to be 0.1 seconds of arc, its distance is:

Interstellar gas is composed primarily by:

The reddish color of emission nebulae indicates that:

If an interstellar cloud contracts to become a star, it is due to which force?

Objects more massive than the sun form into stars:

What is a T-Tauri star?

During formation, the Sun evolved TOWARD the main sequence as shown in the figure. The Sun will evolve AWAY from the main sequence when:

Stars like our Sun will end their lives as:

A white dwarf can explode when:

The further away a galaxy is the faster it seems to be moving

In addition to stellar evolution we can use the orbits of globular clusters to map the milky way

We have no evidence of what is at the center of the galaxy

Andromeda is on of the few galaxies with a blueshift

Nearly all of the galaxies in the universe seem to be moving toward us creating a blue shift

If we analogize our galaxy to a solar system the black hole at the center is the ______, the disk is the planets and the halo is the Oort and Kuiper Belt

Dark matter is called "dark" because it only interacts with the ____________ force

The spiral arms of a spiral galaxy are _________ waves

Within 200 Mpc we can correlate the rotation rate of a galaxy to its __________

The cosmological principle says that the universe is both homogenous and isotropic

We frequently get multiple images of the same galaxy