ALL 8th grade FCAT Science Vocab

The rate at which velocity is changing. The change may involve an increase or decrease in speed and/or a change in direction. The change may be positive or negative.

Any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait.

The maximum absolute variation of any periodic function.

A unit used to measure distances in the solar system equal to the average distance between the Sun and Earth, approximately 150 million kilometers, and abbreviated AU.

An organism that can produce food from inorganic materials. (carbon dioxide, sunlight, water)

An asexual reproductive process in which a single cell divides into two cells.

A system used to name organisms using two words: the genus name and the species name.

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 Degrees Celsius (212 Degrees Fahrenheit).

An asexual reproductive process in which an outgrowth of a parent organism detaches and forms a new individual of the same species.

Characteristics of substances that describe their composition, re-activity, and how the substance changes into different substances.

A factor or condition in a scientific experiment that is purposefully kept the same.

The form of a trait that is expressed or shown when the combination of alleles for this trait is heterozygous.

A celestial body similar to a planet but orbiting in a zone that has many other objects. (Ceres, Pluto)

Evidence based on observations or experiments rather than theory.

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane.

A cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over time from generation to generation.

The first generation of offspring from the mating of parental organisms (P generation).

A crack in Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.

A bend in a layer or several layers of rock.

A type of mixture in which different parts can be easily distinguished.

An organism that cannot produce its own food.

A cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait.

The tendency of a cell, organism, or population to maintain internal stability.

A type of mixture in which the different parts are blended evenly so that the mixture is the same throughout.

A type of cell or organism that has identical rather than different alleles for a particular trait.

A statement that can be tested scientifically through experiments and/or other scientific investigations.

A process in which water soaks into the soil.

The highest Linnaean classification into which organism are grouped; above phylum.

A scientific principle based on many observations of naturally occurring events that demonstrate it to be without exception under certain stated conditions.

The distance a ray of light travels in a vacuum in one year.

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting point of ice at sea level 0 Degrees Celsius ( 32 Degrees Farenheit).

A replica or description designed to show the workings or structure of an object or system.

the smallest unit of matter of a substance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance consists of a single atom or a group of atoms bonded together.

A large cloudlike mass of gas and dust in space that may lead to the formation of a star.

The sum of all the forces acting on an object. When forces are balanced, the net force is zero and the object's motion will remain the same. when forces are unbalanced, the net force is nonzero and the objects' motion will change.

The unique position occupied by a particular species in terms of the area it inhabits and the function it performs within the community.

1. The center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located;

2. The cell structure that contains a cell's genetic material.

A term used to describe a material that absorbs and/or reflects light and does not allow light to pass through.

A factor, usually being measured or observed, that responds to, or depends on , another factor ( test variable)

The parental generation in a genetic cross.

The movement of water through rock or soil.

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of solution based on a scale from zero to fourteen.

The force exerted per unit area.

An organism whose cells are characterized by the lack of a defined nucleus.

The form of a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait.

The growth of new tissues or organs to replace those lost or damaged by injury.

Making multiple sets of measurements or observations in a scientific investigation.

The reproduction of a scientific investigation by another person to ensure accuracy.

A condition of a solution whereby it has reached a maximum amount of solute under the given conditions.

A substance that is being dissolved by another substance.

A substance that dissolves another substance.

Observations obtained by following a preplanned method of observation.

A measure of how hot or cold a substance is; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

The variable manipulated by the experimenter in order to study changes in the outcome variable.

An explanation for some naturally occurring event developed from extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning. See also law.

A term used to describe a material that cannot be clearly seen through but that allows some light to pass through it.

A term used to describe a material that can be clearly seen through because it allows light waves to pass through in straight lines.

A type of energy an object has due to its motion or position.

The relative frequency (high or low) of a sound.

An object that is found in the solar system, orbits the Sun, and is much smaller than a planet.

Process by which substances are changed into different substances with different properties.

An object made of rock, ice, dust, and gas that revolves around the Sun.

The average pattern of weather that occurs in a certain location over many years.

A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.

The process by which other chemicals combine with oxygen.

Both the composition and appearance of the rocks changes.

Occurs when gravity's downward pull on sediment is greater than the push of flowing water or wind.

Process by which sediment and other materials are moved from one place to another.

The physical and chemical alteration of rock.

A deposit formed by sediment, that accumulates at the mouth of a river.

It is divided into three layers based on chemical composition, the crust, the mantle, and the core.

The part of the Earth that is liquid water.

The part of the Earth that is frozen water.

This surrounds the Earth and is a mixture of mostly invisible gases.

This is made up of living things and the areas on Earth where they are found.

This is the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface.

The uppermost layer of the atmosphere.

This is a layer of the atmosphere that is between the thermosphere and the stratosphere.

This is a layer of the atmosphere that is between the mesosphere and the troposphere.

This is the layer of earth that is closest to the Earth's surface.

An area in the stratosphere that absorbs most of the solar radiation.

The total kinetic energy of particles.

The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves.

The transfer of energy due to movement of matter.

The transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact.

Narrow belts of high-speed winds tht blow from west to east.

They are streamlike movements of water.

The change of state from gas to a liquid.

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place.

This is the movement of water in a certain direction.

This is the energy of motion.

This is the ability to cause change.

This is stored energy that an object has due to its position or chemical composition.

This states that energy can be neither created or destroyed.

This is speed in a specific direction.

This is the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion.

This is a force of attraction between objects due to their mass.

This is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.

These are organisms made up of just one cell.

This is a protective layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment.