RELS 203 Jainism

Sallekhana

________ is a unique ritual among world religions, where one fasts unto death as a form of restraint from all forms of violence to living beings.

Jina

________ means conqueror or spiritual victor who has conquered inner passions like desire and hatred.

Jiva

________: Soul, which is completely individual, eternal and weighed down by karma, thus preventing its ascent to realms of bliss after death.

Karma

________ is regarded as a physical, material substance that adheres /bonds to jiva based on their actions (mental, verbal, physical)

Swastika

________: A symbol in Jainism, with each arm symbolizing the four states of existence: heavenly beings, human beings, hellish beings, and the subhuman (plants and animals)

Mahavira

________ is the 24th and last Tirthankara in this age in this universe.

Pratikramana

________: A ritual during which Jains repent for their sins and non- meritorious activities committed knowingly or inadvertently during their daily life through thought, speech or action.

Digambaras

________: Sky- clad sect of Jainism which focus on total nudity as clothing is seen as a form of attachment and therefore, women can not reach moksha.

Swastika

________: A symbol in Jainism, with each arm symbolizing the four states of existence: heavenly beings, human beings, hellish beings, and the subhuman (plants and animals)

Caturmas

________: A holy period of four months from July to October, in which travel is curtailed and fasting is frequent.

Dharma

________: The medium of motion that creates the condition for motion.

Ahimsa

________: Nonviolence, to prevent new karma from accumulating.

indigenous Indic culture

Beginnings of Jainism: Not known, but possibly rooted in ________ before Aryan and Vedic age.

Rsabha

________: The first tirthankara of our current time cycle, also called Adinath.

southwestern Jaina monastics

Mahavira's original precepts for male disciples included nudity as a form of ascetic practice, but the ________ changed this doctrine to permit clothing and allow women to achieve liberation.

Namaskara Mantra

________: Hymn to the twenty- four Jinas, which destroys all sinful karma and of all holies is the most holy.

Siddhashila

________: A place one goes after obtaining moksha.

Shravanabelagola

________ in Karnataka, India, is an ancient Jain pilgrimage center with a 17- meter- high monolithic statue of Bahubali, said to be the largest in the world.

Svetambaras

________: White- clad sect of Jainism which wear distinctive white garb, women are capable of moksha.

Script

________: Promotes the idea of mutual assistance and peaceful coexistence of all beings.

Pandita Marana

________: Someone who is not afraid of death and who accepts it willingly and at ease.

Tirthankara

________: A saviour who has succeeded in crossing over life's stream of rebirths and has made a path for others to follow through meditation and self- realization, each was born at a time when humanity needed a new vision of religion, also known as a Jina.

Jain practices

________ include meditation, idol worship, prostration, and reciting mantras.

Jain

Ardhamagadhi: A Middle Indian language used in ________ texts.

Truthfulness

________ closely related to ahimsa and honesty is characteristic of Jain business people.

Kalpa Sutra

________: Scripture revered by the svetambara sect, which contains the life stories of the tirthankaras.

Arihantas

________: Liberated beings.

Loka

________: World /universe, which is without beginning or end and contains of the siddhashila of liberated jivas, the upper world of heavenly beings, the middle world of humans and animals, and the lower world of hellish beings.

Anekanta

________: Refers to doctrine about metaphysical truths that states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects.

Shramana revolution

The ________ was a movement in ancient India.

Adharma

________: The medium of rest that creates the condition of rest.

Siddh Loka

________: Abode of the liberated soul.

Siddhanta

________: Jain scriptures compiled during 1000 years between death of Mahavira and Valabhi Council in 5th C, CE.

Tapas

________: Heat, asceticism, to eliminate the old karma.

Moksha

________: Liberation, release from the cycle of rebirths.

Malli

________: The nineteenth female tirthankara.

Vardhamana

________: The given name of Mahavira.

Hagiography

________: The writing of the lives of saints.

Upangas

________: Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning "subsidiary texts.

Sexual purity

________ involves no sexual activities or thoughts outside of marriage for laypeople and none at all for ascetics.

Parsva

________: The twenty- third Tirthankara.

Shramanas

________ were ascetics who rejected the social hierarchy and caste system.

Dipavali

________: A festival marking the anniversary of Mahavira's liberation, which is celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of the same name.

Candragupta Maurya

________: The founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India who supported the Jain tradition.

Agamas

________: A collection of scriptures revered by the svetambara sect consisting of the angas and the kalpa sutra.

Vardhamana Mahavira

Jainism founded by ________ in Patna, India around 599 BCE.

Jain puja

________ involves washing the image, offering sandalwood, flowers, and fruit, and reciting prayers of forgiveness.

Angas

________: Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning the limbs, thought to be lost by the digambara sect.

Acharyas

Spiritual leaders

Achaurya

Non-stealing

Adharma

The medium of rest that creates the condition of rest

Agamas

A collection of scriptures revered by the svetambara sect consisting of the angas and the kalpa sutra

Ahimsa

Nonviolence, to prevent new karma from accumulating

Ajiva

Without soul

Akasha

Space

Anekanta

Refers to doctrine about metaphysical truths that states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects

Angas

Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning the limbs, thought to be lost by the digambara sect

Aparigraha

Non-possession

Ardhamagadhi

A Middle Indian language used in Jain texts

Arihantas

Liberated beings

Asrava

Inflow of karma

Beginnings of Jainism

Not known, but possibly rooted in indigenous Indic culture before Aryan and Vedic age

Brahmacharya

Sexual purity

Candragupta Maurya

The founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India who supported the Jain tradition

Caturmas

A holy period of four months from July to October, in which travel is curtailed and fasting is frequent

Cause of Passions

Previously accumulated karma, which ripens and gives rise to attachment, which leads to the passions

Danas

Charity

Devapuja

Worship of tirthankaras

Dharma

The medium of motion that creates the condition for motion

Digambaras

Sky-clad sect of Jainism which focus on total nudity as clothing is seen as a form of attachment and therefore, women cannot reach moksha

Digha Nikaya

Long discourses of the Buddha

Dipavali

A festival marking the anniversary of Mahavira's liberation, which is celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of the same name

Five Auspicious Events in Mahavira's Life

Conception of Mahavira, birth, renunciation, enlightenment, and final release

Five Great Vows

Ahimsa, achaurya, brahmacharya, satya, and aparigraha

Five Types of Ajiva

Dharma, adharma, pudgala, akasha, and kala

Five-Sense Jivas

Humans, with all five senses of touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing

Four-Sense Jivas

Flies, senses are touch, taste, smell, and sight

Guru-Upasti

Veneration of teachers

Hagiography

The writing of the lives of saints

Jains

Followers of the Jina

Jinas

Tirthankaras

Jiva

Soul, which is completely individual, eternal and weighed down by karma, thus preventing its ascent to realms of bliss after death

Kala

Time

Kalpa Sutra

Scripture revered by the svetambara sect, which contains the life stories of the tirthankaras

Kashayas

Four passions

Kevala-Jnana

Omniscience

Krodha

Anger

Lobha

Greed

Loka

World/universe, which is without beginning or end and contains of the siddhashila of liberated jivas, the upper world of heavenly beings, the middle world of humans and animals, and the lower world of hellish beings

Maha-Vratas

Five great vows

Mahamastabhiseka

Grand head anointing

Mahavira

The twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara, who became a follower of Parsva and renounced all his wealth, property and family to become an ascetic and achieved Kevala-Jnana

Malli

The nineteenth female tirthankara

Mana

Pride

Maya

Deceit

Moksha

Liberation, release from the cycle of rebirths

Murti

Image

Namaskara Mantra

Hymn to the twenty-four Jinas, which destroys all sinful karma and of all holies is the most holy

Nigoda

One-sense jivas, microscopic organisms

One-Sense Jivas

Microscopic organisms and plants, only sense is touch