WWI [1914-1918]

process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other; middles area named “no man’s land”

held off further progression on each side

led to poor conditions; diseases like trench foot

agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

protection of merchant ships from a U-boat by escorts merchant ships with warships

compensation paid by defeated nation for the damage of injury inflicted during the war

mass influx of African-Americans and other minorities who moved North to take factory jobs vacated by soldiers sent off to fight in WWI

military draft; compulsory enlistment to the armed forces

part of treaty of versailles; blamed Germany for wwi damages + charged $30 billion for reparations

raids to capture, arrest, and deport suspected socialists; impacted immigrants, radicals, and Russian union workers; violated right to a fair arrest/trial

fear that US would fall to communism due to workers’ strikes; became suspicious of immigrants

violent racial conflict between European-Americans and African-Americans because African-Americans had filled in jobs of European-Americans

foreign policy stating that a country will remain neutral and not get involved in the affairs of other countries

extremely patriotic feeling towards your nation

information (esp. of a biased or misleading nature) used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view

sold to civilians in order to pay for wartime materials

activities of a nation’s civilians whose armed forces are engaged in war abroad

plan for peace drawn up by US president; to prevent another situation like WWI from happening again

union formed for the mutual benefit of two or more countries; led to coordinated military efforts

situation in which further action or progress by competing parties seems impossible

Germany planning on attacking US; US civilians killed by German submarine

set up consequences for people/spies who aided the enemy; violated 1st amendment (freedom to speech)

commander of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI; led US + Allies to victory

established to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security; US did not join (isolationist)

head of FDA; assured the supply, distribution, and conservation of food; encourages victory gardens and rationing

vegetable gardens planted during WWI to ensure an adequate food supply for civilians and troops

secret message sent to Mexico by Germany in hopes of getting them to attack the US

Supreme Court decided he was a “clear and present” threat (related to red scare & espionage act); violated 1st amendment (freedom of speech)

tried to stay neutral towards WWI

saw joining WWI as a regression (or betrayal of values)

WWI hero; got Medal of Honor

US military on the Western Front; led by General Pershing

opposed by US senate because involved US with too many foreign affairs; vilified and heavily punished Germany

German submarines; shot down all enemy-owned ships

conscription (a.k.a. forced military service); drafted about 28 million people

US joined a major war in Europe

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated, Austria-Hungary invades Serbia, Germany invades Belgium, US enters WWI

new technology made WWI very destructive; led to [term]

after WWI the [term] declined

after WWI [term] increased

more demand in service; less demand in factories