APWH U4 (study guides)

converting to Christianity & promoting mercantilism

• omani-european rivalry

  • middle eastern traders denied europeans coming to their trading posts/resources

sugar, tobacco, rum

slaves

silk, spices, rhubarb

spain, portugal, great britain, france, and holland (dutch)

• greeks, muslim people, and east asian culture

  • the muslims left Andalus and their things stayed there, so europe found the blueprints for naval tech and remade them

• made sailing more efficient & faster

• the astrolabe allowed for N&S sailing

• new ships led to better trade

Tsar Peter the Great

• went to west europe to hire german people for the russian naval military

  • led to spread of MULTIPLE religions

  • led to globalization of resources AND GUNPOWDER

• prince henry the navigator

• bartolomeu dias

• vasco de gama

• ferdinand magellan

• christopher columbus

• francisco pizzaro

• hernan cortes

• jacques cartier (the first)

• samuel del champlain

king joao III

elizabeth I

King Ferdinand II

Queen Isabella

Louis XIV

• Portugal v. Spain

• England v. France

• Netherlands v. Portugal

• England v. Netherlands

father of exploration

sails around tip of africa

establishes cape of good hope

establishes trading-post empires in India

(calicut, india)

• first to go to americas

• kinda went to the carribeans

• first to sail to pacific ocean

• first to “circumnavigate” the world

• maritime/french explorer

• goes to canada and north america

• the catholic pope allocated

  • WEST to SPAIN

  • EAST to PORTUGAL (and brazil)

• takes brazil

• makes trading post empire > indian ocean

• creates colonial empire in the americas (castilian)

• explore N. Atlantic

• establish settlements

the economic system that dominated europe at this time

christians left europe to do this to ppl in other land

india

sailed across the pacific and claimed Phillipines for Spain

through northwest passage

coastal areas the portuguese were taking advantage of in 1500s

tried converting chinese peasents

• tried converting chinese royals

  • china would’ve given europe royal alliance and it’s innovation resources

• made trading post empires in

  • goa

  • hormuz

  • malacca

• they restrict the indian ocean to permit-based entry TO GET A ____

• small nation lacking resources

• merchants traded behind gov

• dutch/eng rising

• gov corruption

• they could be converted to christianity

• the spanish would have access to east asia WITHOUT going through the ME (thru Manila TPE)

• gold made it profitable

• so did silver

• ______ > galleon ships > phillipines > traded @ manila

  • silver traded 4 silk, spices, and gold

  • china’s main currency by 17th cen

• $$ wealth: furs

• ✞ god: christian schools (residential)

• 🌱 land: quebec

fort charlesbourg-royal

• english couldn’t defend against the spanish naval forces

• in 1588, they conquer 2/3 of the spanish armada

jamestown

new asterdam (NYC)

• ppl wanted to make a financially-profitable trading route

  • _____ was lucrative

  • europe to asia

• at hudson river for VOC Company

• gave dutch a hold in the exploration competition

• Dutch West Indies was a port (?)

cash crops, staple foods

exchange of plants, food, slaves, animals, and diseaes

• between americas AND afro-eurasia

• pumpkins

• potatoes

• tobacco

• cocoa

• yams (brazil)

• syphillis

• pigs

• sheep

• citrus

• influenza

• malaria

• smallpox

• measles

• okra

• rice

• slaves

• horses

• cattle

• pigs

• The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Basin.

• triangular trade

• middle passage

• Chartered Companies.

  • groups of private investors who paid an annual fee

  • (to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies)

• new/old world transfers change society (HELP EUROPE)

• cash crops caused coerced labor

  • chattel slavery (race, inherited, eternal)

  • hacienda (feudal estate system)

  • encomienda (manage estate/forced labor)

  • mit’a (silver mining)

• endemic disease kill 90% of NA/mesoamericans

isolates from europe lalala

EIC in india

mining system in incan empire

• white on white

• english (done so eng ppl can get to americas)

• contracted

• still bred abuse

• asante kingdom sold out

• dahomey

• matamba

• kongo sold out

  • for influence

  • gunpowder

  • cannons

  • slaves

  • moneyyyy

• benin artists portrayed eruopeans as intruders in carvings & sculptures

vasco de gama invades ____

• get monopoly on spice trade

• establishes trading routes here

• japanese gov. banned christian services

• gov. expels foreigners

• gov bans foreign books

• gov prohibits japanese people from traveling outside

through mughal empire, the _____ had ______

• invaded by cortes

• conquered

• died due to disease

• invaded by pizzaro

• their ruler was captured, then killed

• thus the ____ were killed

• british

• french

• dutch

• spanish

• portuguese

• native americans that aligned with the french

• did NOT align with the english

• militarized trading routes

• imposed trading post empries

• put that permit-entry thing there

• promoted mercantilism

• manage the estate

• work agriculture

• coerced labor

• for N / A only

• simulated feudalism

• silver-mine work

• public projects

• coerced labor

• for N/A only

• gain gold/resources

• labor/resource harvesting work

• mother country only allowed children countries to trade with them

• mother countries imported more gold/silver than they exported

• they blended in with non-enslaved locals

• they died.

• they were familiar to the terrirtory

all reasons for _____

• kingdom of kongo

• people created a black market

  • others would be kidnapped from other tribes and sold (independently) behind the gov’s back

• polygyny rises

  • black men are enslaved and there’s more women to date

• population drops

  • people are sold or killed

• social status develops

  • based on slave status

  • from european influence

• 8th-19th century

• captured from swahili city-states

  • by arab-muslim & swahili traders

• traded as slaves to

  • Middle East

  • Indian Ocean islands (including Madagascar)

  • Indian subcontinent

  • Java. (indonesia)

• asante kingdom

• kongo kingdom

• dahomey kingdom

• matamba kingdom

• Our Virgin of Guadalupe

  • indigenous + catholic

• Santeria

  • West African + Catholicism

• Vodou(n)

  • West African + Carribean

• Candomble

  • bantu + brazilian

social hierarchies

jizya tax

• stuff the manchu kept CARRIED _____ to legitimize the manchu’s power

• _____ force people boyars to relocate to st. petersburg and got all comtrolling and obsessive!!

• through uhhh SA/kids/marriage

• janissaries

  • ottoman military

• ulama

  • ottoman/islamic scholars

• speakers for sultan

• advisor to sultan

• quite corrupt mwehehehe

• sultan gave land and tax revue to soldiers he favored

• tolerant of religious minorities

• NOT equality for all religions/minorities

• could only live in specific areas of a city

• paid jizya tax

• couldn’t hold top official positions

• ends jizya tax!!

• gave land & money grants to HINDU + MUSLIM ppl

• harem politics

  • you wanna get freaky w the sultan THE FASTEST so your baby can be the heir </3

• a slaved who was forcefully converted to islam

  • became a sultana

  • became suleiman wife

  • commissioned public projects

• manchu traditional (qing)

• manchu made han (native) men wear ____

  • han men were embarrsed, but would be given power

CRITICAL THINKING POINTS > why were they embarrased?

• wearing it was admitting the qing (invader) had power over ming (invaded)

• merchants

• artisans

• captured europeans in Mediterranean

• sold them to the sultan/higher-ups

• oldest son inherits land + title

• if you had a daughter you’d want a SON IN LAW

• promotes MALE IMPORTANCE

come from spain