CPHM

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health and efficient

T or F: public health promotes physical health and efficient through organized community efforts and informed choices of society

T or F: public health promotes physical health and efficient through private communities only and individuals for the sanitation of the environment

T or F: public health promotes physical health and efficient through control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene

T or F: public health promotes physical health and efficient through the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease

T or F: public health promotes physical health and efficient through the development of social machinery

which will ensure to every in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health

division of public health

it deals with the ______ of health rather than curative aspects

it deals with ______ rather than individual health issues

monitor health status to identify community health problems. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community

inform, educate and empower people about health issues. It mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems

develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts

enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety

link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable

assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce

evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based health services

prevents an illness or an injury from occurring at all, by preventing exposure to risk factors

seeks to minimize the severity of the illness or the damage due to an injury-causing event once the event has occurred

seeks to minimize disability by providing medical care and rehabilitation services

person’s physical and psychological capacity to establish and maintain balance

Successful defense of the host against forces that disturb body equilibrium

condition that enables a person to maintain a strong and healthy body

refers to how a person feels, thinks of himself, controls his emotions and adjusts to the environment

refers to how a person feels, thinks and act towards everybody around him

failure of the body’s defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium

stage of disease

it has been forecast that by the year 2020, the urban population comprise 65 to 75% of the total population

the chaotic growth of cities will result in a multitude of economic and social problems and the rise of slums, criminality, disease and \n unemployment

Overcrowding, inadequate housing facilities, poor environmental sanitation

more women joining the workforce. This may or may not have an adverse effect on the family. Care of children will be entrusted to caretakers

occupational hazards become a major concern \n Air, soil and water pollution

environmental degradation caused by deforestation, deterioration of seas and rivers due to industrial waste, indiscriminate disposal of waste.

the discriminant consumption and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in drug-resistant bacteria, viruses and parasites. Switching from inexpensive penicillin to other drugs increased treatment costs which are beyond the reach of the poor

refers to orderly processes of data collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation

refers to quantitative data affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of causes. Collected in order to measure something; number of deaths, births, specific diseases hospital admissions

for summarizing and presenting data in a form that will make them easier to analyze and interpret

concerned in making estimates, predictions, generalizations, and conclusions about a target population based on information from a sample

population size, age, sex, geographic distribution, mortality, morbidity, growth rate

causes and distribution of mortality and morbidity as to residence, place of occurrence, age, sex

number and distribution of health facilities, health manpower, health expenditures

water supply, excreta disposal, school enrollment, food establishment, transports, food intake/habits

no measurement is perfectly accurate or exact

data of unknown quality are ------?

refers to both the numbers that describe the health of populations and the science that helps to interpret those numbers

health is determine by many factors

used to describe the variety and frequency of past outcomes under similar conditions as a way of predicting what should happen in the future

used to express the degree of probability or improbability of a certain result in an experiment

T or F: a p value 0f 0.05 means that if an experiment were repeated 100 times, the same answer would result 95 of those times, while 5 times would yield a different answer

this is a range of values within which the true result probably falls

T or F: the narrower the confidence interval, the higher the likelihood of random error

are often expressed as margins of error, as in political polling, when a politician’s support might be estimated at 50  percent

measurement of a characteristic

integral whole numbers

can attain any value including fractions and decimals

a classification scale where the categories are used as labels only (sex, race, blood, group, patient id)

used for categories which can be ordered or ranked

zero point is arbitrary and does not mean absence of the characteristic

a meaningful zero point exist

value indicate a quantity or amount and can be expressed numerically. Values can be arranged according to magnitude

variables whose categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group from another

refers to the arrangement of any data in an orderly sequence, so that they can be presented concisely and compactly and so that they can be understood easily

data are grouped according to some scale of classification, where the sum of the entries is equal to the total. The scales used may be qualitative, quantitative or both

shows the number of observations falling into each of several ranges of values. Portrayed as frequency tables, histograms, or polygons.

used to compare two or more frequencies

some variable changes over a period of time is the one being presented

it should state the objective of the table. It should clearly, briefly and comprehensively what the figures in the body of the table stand for

indicate the basis of classification of the rows or horizontal series of figures

indicate the basis of classification of the columns or vertical series of figures

this is made up of the figures filling the cells or compartments brought about by the coordinates of rows and columns

refer to the column totals and row totals

indicate the source of information

the purpose is to convey a simpler idea of what the statistical table contains

can be either a series of lines joined together, or bars or enclosed areas, drawn to represent certain statistical information under consideration

indicate clearly and briefly what the figures in the body of the graph stand for, how the data were classified, and where and when obtained. This is placed at the bottom of the graph, preceded by a number for easy reference

each represents separate scales of classification corresponding to the row and column headings of the table being graphically presented

this is needed when one is drawing more than one graph in a graphing space. This clarifies what particular item each of the graph refers to

these are the lines, bars or figures drawn within the graphing space

used to graph time series data depict trends or changes with time with respect to some other variables

used to graph continuous variables. A graphical representation, similar to a bar chart in structure, that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges

used to graph continuous variables

used to graph qualitative variables and discontinuous variables of the quantitative variety

usually in the form of rectangles, square or circles, used to depict the distribution of a whole with different segments representing different frequencies

used to show relationship of simultaneous measurement

set of complete collection or totality of all possible values of the variable

a subset or sub-collection of elements drawn from a population

in this technique elements of the sample are selected through a lottery

this technique of sampling is done by taking every element in the population assignment of numbers as a part of the sample

population under this technique is being divided into sections

in this technique, the population is subdivided into at least two different subpopulations that share the same characteristics and then the elements of the sample are drawn from its stratum proportionately

the sample size is limited to the required number or subject in the study

the elements of the sample are being selected according to the criteria or rules set

the samples are being selected from a particular place at a specified time

the researcher asks respondents to give referrals to other possible respondents

types of snowballing sampling

statistical study of human population

kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space

other common direct method of collecting demographic data and conducted by a national government

censuses typically occur only every ------

------ are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place