Organic Chemistry (IB)

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Homologous Series

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22 Terms

1

Homologous Series

Series of organic compounds with the same functional group but differing by a CH2 unit

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2

Alkenes

Organic compounds with a C=C double bond, named by locating the double bond and giving it the lowest number

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3

Nucleophilic Substitution

Reaction mechanism where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group in a molecule

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4

Markovnikov’s Rule

In electrophilic addition, the more electronegative atom ends up on the carbon with fewer hydrogens

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5

IR Spectroscopy

Technique that measures the absorption of infrared radiation by bonds in a molecule

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6

Mass Spectrometry

Analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to determine molecular mass

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7

'H NMR Spectrometry

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique that provides information about the number and environment of hydrogen atoms in a molecule

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8

Organic chemistry

study of carbon-containing compounds

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9

Alkanes

organic compounds that consist only of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms

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10

Alkynes

organic compound that contains at least one carbon—carbon triple bond

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11

Alcohol

Organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group

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12

Ether

organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups

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13

Aldehyde

organic compound in that the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon chain

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14

Ketone

organic compound that contains a carbonyl group in which the carbon atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom

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15

Carboxylic Acid

organic compound that contains a carboxyl functional group

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16

Ester

Organic compounds that contains an acid in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkyl (alkoxy) group

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17

Stereoisomers

Same structural formula but atoms are arranged differently in space

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18

Cis

same side

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19

Trans

Opposite side

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20

Racemic mixture

Equimolar mixture of 2 enantiomers

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21

Optical Isomers

When 4 different atoms/groups attached to a single carbon atom (Chiral)

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22

Incomplete combustion

When oxygen supply is limited

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