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1st Amendment
Freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
Citizens do not have to house soldiers
4th Amendment
No unreasonable search or arrest
5th Amendment
No double jeopardy or no witness against yourself
6th Amendment
The right to a speedy and public trial
7th Amendment
The right to a jury trial in civil matters of $20 or more
8th Amendment
No excessive bail or cruel/unusual punishment
9th Amendment
People get rights not listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment
Any rights not given to the federal government are given to the states and the people
11th Amendment
Individual cannot sue a state in a federal court
12th Amendment
Separate ballots for President and Vice President
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
14th Amendment
No state can make/enforce a law that can abridge citizens’ rights
15th Amendment
States cannot deny a person their right to vote on account of race, color, or creed
16th Amendment
Allows Congress to levy income taxes
17th Amendment
Popular election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition :(
19th Amendment
Womens’ suffrage #slay
20th Amendment
President takes office on Jan. 20 instead of Mar. 4
21st Amendment
No more prohibition!!! Get turnt
22nd Amendment
President can only serve 2 terms (thank goodness)
23rd Amendment
Washington D.C. gets 3 electoral votes
24th Amendment
Anti-poll tax
25th Amendment
Lays rules for who succeeds the President if he dies/resigns etc.
26th Amendment
18 year olds can vote hooray!
27th Amendment
Congress cannot accept a pay raise until next term
Baker v. Carr
14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause
The plaintiff sued in federal district court, claiming that the law required Tennessee to redraw their districts to make each district's representation substantially equal to its population.
Clinton v. City of New York
Presentment Clause
Declared pieces of legislation passed by both houses of Congress must be either passed or vetoed as a WHOLE
Brown v. Board of Education
14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause
Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause
Allowed segregation under the terms “separate but equal“
Regents of California v. Bakke
14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause / Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VI
Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances.
Citizens United v. FEC
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
Freed corporations and nonprofit organizations to spend money on electioneering communications and to directly advocate for the election or defeat of candidates.
Buckley v. Valeo
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
Limits on election expenditures are unconstitutional
McConnell v. FEC
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
Upheld constitutionality of the McCain—Feingold act: political parties could no longer directly fund campaign advertisements with soft money
McCutcheon v. FEC
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
The government may justify the aggregate limits as a means of preventing corruption or the appearance of corruption
Engle v. Vitale
1st Amendment
Establishment Clause
School-sponsored Bible reading constituted government endorsement of a particular religion
Santa Fe Independent School v. Doe
1st Amendment
Establishment Clause
Student-led and student-initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause
West Virginia v. Barnette
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
1st Amendment protects students from being compelled to salute the flag or recite the pledge in public schools
Gideon v. Wainwright
14th Amendment
Due Process Clause
Extends the constitutional right to an attorney in federal criminal cases for those who cannot afford one
Mapp v. Ohio
4th Amendment / 14th Amendment
Exclusionary Rule
Illegally obtained evidence may not be used against someone in a court of law
Miranda v. Arizona
5th Amendment / 6th Amendment
Self-incrimination / right to assistance by attorney
Detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.
Marbury v. Madison
No Amendment
Supremacy Clause
Congress does not have the power to pass laws that override the Constitution
US v. Nixon
No Amendment
Executive Privilege
The President does not have executive privilege in immunity from subpoenas or other civil court actions
McCulloch v. Maryland
No Amendment
Necessary and Proper Clause
Congress had implied powers that allowed it to establish a bank that Maryland could not tax
Gitlow v. New York
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech Clause
The First Amendment does not prevent the government from punishing political speech that directly advocates its violent overthrow
DC v. Heller
2nd Amendment
No clause
The Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home
New York Times v. US
1st Amendment
Freedom of the Press / Prior restraint
The Government's power to censor the press was abolished so that the press would remain forever free to censure the Government
Near v. Minnesota
1st Amendment
Freedom of the Press / Prior restraint
Prior restraint on publication violated the 1st Amendment
New York Times v. Sullivan
1st Amendment
Freedom of the Press
Press may protect libelous words about a public official in order to foster vigorous debate about government and public affairs
Roe v. Wade
14th Amendment
Right to Privacy
Allowed mothers to have abortions within a certain timeframe
Griswold v. Connecticut
14th Amendment
Right to Privacy
A state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy
Board of Education — Pottawatomie v. Earls
4th Amendment
No unreasonable searches and seizures
Random drug testing of students participating in competitive extracurricular activities did not violate the Fourth Amendment
Schneck v. US
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech
Speech creating “clear and present danger“ is not protected by the 1st Amendment
Miller v. California
1st Amendment
No clause
“Obscene materials“ do not have 1st Amendment protections — clarified what is meant by obscenity
Bradenberg v. Ohio
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech
Speech advocating illegal conduct is protected under the 1st Amendment
Shaw v. Reno
14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause
Created limitations on racial gerrymandering
Wesberry v. Sanders
No Amendment
No clause / Uphold and respect precedent
Congressional districts must be as equal in population as practical
Tinker v. Des Moines
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech
School officials cannot censor students speech unless it is disruptive
Texas v. Johnson
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech
Symbolic speech, no matter how offensive, is protected by the 1st Amendment
Morse v. Fredrick
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech
“Bong Hits 4 Jesus“ case — educators can censor student speech that is reasonable viewed as promoting illegal drug use
US v. Lopez
No Amendment
Commerce Clause
Possession of a handgun near a school is not an economic activity and doesn't have a substantial effect on interstate commerce, and therefore cannot be regulated by Congress
Gibbons v. Ogden
No Amendment
Commerce Clause
Congress has the power to regulate commerce
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US
No Amendment
Commerce Clause
The government could enjoin private businesses from discriminating on the basis of race under the Commerce Clause
Wisconsin v. Yoder
1st Amendment
Free Exercise Clause
Right to practice religion outweighs a state’s interest in compulsory education
Oregon v. Smith
1st Amendment
Free Exercise Clause
Free Exercise Clause did not prohibit states from enforcing otherwise legitimate and generally applicable laws
Furman v. Georgia
8th Amendment
No Clause
Ruled that the death penalty was a violation of the 8th Amendment
Gregg v. Georgia
8th Amendment
No Clause
Overturned Furman Case — the death penalty was not a violation of the 8th Amendment
Note
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