ap environmental science - unit 3:  populations

the state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property

a description of how many individuals fit into particular age categories in a population

a visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females

the limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain

the number of deaths of children < age 5 per 1000 live births

a relationship between species in which 1 species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped

all of the population of organisms within a given area

the study of interactions between species

the struggle of individuals to obtain a shared limiting resource

the principle stating that 2 species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist

strips of natural habitat that connect populations

the number of births per 1000 individuals per year

the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year

a scientist in the field of demography who studies human populations and population trends

the study of human populations and population trends

a factor that influences an individual's probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population

a factor that has the same effect on an individual's probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size

a country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

a country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income

a rapid decline in population due to death

the number of years it takes a population to double DT = 70 / r

the predictable replacement of 1 group of species by another over time

a keystone species that creates/maintains habitat for other species

the movement of organisms out of a country/region

a growth model that estimates a population's future size after a period of time, based on the intrinsic growth rate and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the population

the practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

a measure of the value of all products and services produced in 1 country in 1 year

the movement of organisms into a country/region from another country/region

when individuals with similar genotypes—typically relatives—breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce

the number of deaths of infants < age 1 per 1000 live births

the maximum potential for growth of a population under ideal conditions with unlimited resources

an equation used to estimate the impact of the human lifestyle on the environment

the curve of the exponential growth model when graphed

a species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity

a species that plays a far more important role in its community than its relative abundance might suggest

the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country

a resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size

a growth model that describes a population whose growth is initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment

a group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of species

an interaction between 2 species that increases the chances of survival/reproduction for both species

the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country

when a population becomes larger than the environment's carrying capacity

an interaction in which 1 organism lives on/in another

a specialized type of predator that lays eggs inside other organisms—referred to as its host

parasite that causes disease in their host

a species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine

the individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area at a given time

the number of individuals per unit area at a given time

a description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

the study of factors that cause populations to increase/decrease

mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment in time

the number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual/its offspring during the same time period

continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented

an age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries

the total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time

an interaction in which 1 animal typically kills and consumes another animal

ecological succession occurring on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil

a species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs

the total fertility rate (TFR) required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size

when 2 species divide a resource based on differences in their behavior/morphology

the shape of the logistic growth model when graphed

the succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil

the ratio of males to females in a population

a graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age

the relationship between 2 species that live in close association with each other

the theory that as a country moves from a subsistence country to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth

a theory that demonstrates the dual importance of habitat size and distance in determining species richness

an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years

a pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age

a pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span

a pattern of survival over time in which there is low survival throughout most of the life span and high levels of mortality early in life, with few making it to adulthood and fewer to old age