Mini Summative #1

a variety of community types with a range of population densities

farms and villages with low concentrations of people

cities with high concentrations of people

residential areas near cities

place with permanent human population

1. Agricultural Surplus

2. Social Stratification and a leadership class/urban elite

3. Job specialization

process of developing towns and cities

ratio of people living in cities compared to those living in rural areas

characteristics at the immediate location (physical features, climate, labor force, human structures)

location of a place relative to its surroundings and connectivity to other places

an urban center and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages

1. Tiger-Euphrates Valley in modern Iraq

2. Nile river Valley and Nile Delta in modern Egypt

3. Indus River Valley in modern Pakistan

4. Huang-He floodplain in modern China

central city plus land developed for commercial, industrial, or residential purposes and includes the surrounding suburbs

are associated with defensible sites and river valleys with seasonal floods and fertile soils that allow for an agricultural surplus

a higher-density area with territory inside officially recognized politi

a collection of cities next to each other economically connected across with a high population density

way to define city:

• At least 50k ppl

• the county of location and adjacent counties have a high degree social and economic integration with the urban core

• population between 10k and 50k

• county and surrounding counties have a high degree of integration

central point in a matrix of connections

physical characteristics (buildings, streets, public places, and home)

• heterogeneity

• immigration

• diversity

as tech advances and connectivity increases it takes less time to get to places

cities shaped by distances people could walk

communities that grew up along rail lines, emerged, often created a pinwheel shaped city

telecommunication technology allowed for people to get information even though they weren’t along transportation routes; these communication tech diffused hierarchically diffusion

population growth pressures, cultural tensions, environmental strain, and lack of economic opportunities created push factors in agricultural communities; most rapid occurs in periphery countries; pull factors like job oppurtunities

cities are primary economy in country; economic/political leaders at national/local scale make policies to promote growth of cities

the process of people moving (usually from cities) to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

World War 2; economic expansion; car-centered lifestyle; govts. construction of highways;

rapidly growing communities (>10% over 10 yrs) have a population over 100k, not the largest city in metro area (develops diff. from traditional city and doesn’t have dense urban center)

when contractors build communities and ‘jump’ over the cities periphery and build on land there

nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities

prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs

migrants relocating to the exurbs

population of more than 10 million people

continuous urban are with population greater than 20 million; attributes of a network of urban areas that have grown together to form a larger interconnected urban system

a chain of connected cities

an uninterrupted urban area made of towns, suburbs, and cities

megacities aren’t only in empires anymore, and most can be found in LDCs due to high birth rates and increased rural-urban migration

suburb people returning to live in the cities

cities that exert influence beyond their vision (london, tokyo, new york, paris)

ranking based on influence or population size

1. London, England

2. New York City, US

3. Tokyo, Japan

4. Paris, France

5. Singapore (city-state)

6. Amsterdam, Netherlands

7. Berlin, Germany

8. Seoul, South Korea

9. Hong Kong

10. Shanghai, China

command centers on a regional/national level (Denver,Phoenix, or Minneapolis)

interdependent set of cities that interact on the regional, national, and global scale

describes one way in which the size of cities may develop (4th largest 1/4 size of largest)

expensive, many people to support, occasionally utilized.

cheaper, less people to support, often used

1 city has most of population

the larger and closer the place the more the connectivity

explains the distribution of cities of diff. cities. Uses consumer behaviors related to purchasing goods/services to explain dispersion of settlements.

a location where people go to receive goods/services

a zone that contains people who will purchase goods or services, surrounds each central place

the outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central place for goods and services

the size of population necessary for any service to exist and remain profitable

the distance in which a person will travel to get a specific good

assumes isotropic plain; doesn’t consider influence types of transportation systems

immigration will continue so more diverse population; voluntary segregation will continue; # of ethnic neighborhoods will increase

megacities will get larger; economic, social, and educational opportunities will increase and attract immigration; however such dense population will increase impacts of epidemics, natural disasters, environmental changes, and civil unrest/terrorists. Also, bad sanitation and health safety will impact many.

1. Classifying and categorizing land use in urban areas

2. Describing how various urban land uses are segregated spatially

3. Offering explanations for the location of different urban land uses

The idea that portions of an urban area have specific and distinct purposes

Commercial heart of the city

Land closer to the center of the city will have more value and cost; higher-order services will dominate the CBD

zone outside the CBD dedicated the industry. Including manufacturing, warehousing, and transportation. Zones are separated from residential areas b/c of air and noise pollution.

commercial interests benefit each other

Areas where people live

city where a series of rings surrounds the CBD

different land uses were all around the CBD (wedges) (PI chart)

functional zonation occurs around many centers or nodes (quilt)

a variant of multiple nuclei model

CBD surrounded by nodes that mimic CBD function

They live in relatively low-rise apartments, and the cities are walkable; suburbs have high-rise buildings

Bazaars concentrated along long twisted roads; some lead to dead ends

2-part CBD; the traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center

neighborhoods marked by extreme poverty

cities based by colonization

periphery of african cities; often lack substantial utilities

Concentrated by a port and large influx of chinese immigrants concentrated in one port

regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions can be used

a process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use

as you move farther from inner city population and house-unit density decreases

houses that are much larger and don’t conform to the structural homogeneity of the neighborhood

a process where houses pass from one social group to another

process where one social ethnic replace each other through filtering

process of increasing residential density by replacing open space with residences

physically large retail establishment usually part of a chain of stores,that offer a wide variety of products for, typically, suburban residents where you can buy in bulk

movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rent is cheaper and commutes for employers are shorter

outside: population density gets higher in suburbs

inside: city has high population density; and becomes less as you travel outward

the facilities and systems that serve the population

local govt. of a city/town and the services it provides

process of legally defined land having land added to it

act of residents legally joining together to form a new city

commuter suburbs; where people live but don’t work

populated regions that don’t fall in city legal boundary

eN - air pollution; use of non-renewable energy

S - congested roads and long commute times

E - valuable real estate used for parking and costs associated with car ownership

buses, subways, light rail, and trains operated by a govt. agency

traffic patterns change throughout the day based on commuters

in canada and europe they live in densely populated cities; in the US they live in low populated suburbs