Chapter 5 APES

The number of species in a given area.

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.

The branching pattern of evolutionary relationships.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Evolution below the species level.

Evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla.

A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism.

The complete set of genes in an individual.

A set of traits expressed by an individual.

A random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process.

The genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division.

The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.

An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce.

A trait that improves an individual’s fitness.

The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating.

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.

The death of the last member of a species.

A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals.

Physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species.

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation.

The result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring.

The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation.

An organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species.

The limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate.

The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce.

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives.

Areas of the world in which a species lives.

A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions.

A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species.

A large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time.