Biology - Unit 10- Ecology and Biochemical Cycles

all members of a species living in 1 area

All the populations of an area

The study of interactions among organisms with each other and with the environment

Energy gets captured by Producers and then gets transferred to Consumers when eaten.

Capture energy from the sun (usually) and convert it into food

Eat producers

Only eat plants/autotrophs (Ex. Rabbit)

Only eat consumers (Ex. Dogs)

Eat both Producers and Consumers (Ex. Humans)

Get energy by breaking down dead producers and consumers (Ex. Fungi)

Sunlight

6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂

Show the flow of energy within an ecosystem

Each step where energy gets transferred in the food chain

The rate at which organic mater is created by producers

Show how much energy is produced at each level

The amount of species in a given area

The theory that the predators keep the ecosystem balanced

A species (Usually a predator) that is necessary to keep ecosystem in check (Influence the whole community when their population changes)

When a species population increases/decreases causing other species’ populations in that same ecosystem to increase/decrease

Cycles indirectly through ecosystems by cycling of other nutrients. Photosynthesis releases it and respiration absorbs it.

A cycle driven by the sun and takes 4,000 years to complete.

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Precipitation

• Transpiration

• Runoff

• Seepage

When water goes from a liquid state to a gas state and rises to the atmosphere

When the water vapor (gas) condenses due to temperature and forms clouds

When water vapor turns back into liquid and falls back to the surface

When water evaporates through leaves

When water runs down to gradient point (river)

When water becomes groundwater

The cycle which the backbone of life and comes from the atmosphere to consumers via carbon fixation and then back to the atmosphere through respiration.

Long term storage areas

• Respiration

• Burning fossil fuels

• Increase in Ocean Temp

• Photosynthesis

• Decomposition

• Decrease in Ocean Temperature

When animals are buried before they are decomposed, capturing carbon and create oil, coal, and natural gas due to the pressure.

From buried living beings, being pressurized by the earth

• Nitrogen Fixation

• NH₃ Ammonia

• Ammonium (NH₄)

• Denitrification

78%

1 Nitrogen surrounded by 3 Oxygen with a negative charge

1 Nitrogen surrounded by 2 Oxygen

in root nodules

Legume (peas, beans)

Convert Ammonia into Nitrate+Nitrites which are taken up by plants.

By eating producers

Denitrification

Bacteria convert nitrates into Nitrogen gas (NO₃+NO₂→N₂)

• Does not enter the atmosphere

• Released by weathering rocks

• Enters food chain via producers taking it from runoff

(Inorganic phosphate) is stored in rock, soil minerals, and ocean sediments

No

Nucleic Acids (DNA+RNA)

When production is limited by the availability of 1 nutrient

Mixes that contain Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium so that plants grow faster

Small Nutrients (Ex. Calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron,+ manganese)

When there is a large buildup of nutrients in a body of water causing microorganisms to flourish.

When runoff from fertilized areas goes into the ocean, causing algae to grow and reproduce

10%

When an organism benefits off of another organism causing harm to it (Ex. Ticks to Deer)

When 1 organism is food and the other 1 is the eater (Ex. Wolves to Moose)

When one organism benefits both organisms (Ex. bees to flowers)

When one organism benefits whilst the other one does not get hurt (Ex. Birds to Bison)