socialisation - ocr sociology

Process of learning the norms and values in a society

Socialisation from birth - occurs within the family, learn fundamental norms and values. 0-5 years , learn through imitation and sanctions

Socialisation at school or wider society

family peer group education workplace media religion

2 American Marxists hidden curriculum- Education system was a giant myth making machine, socialised students into accepting their place in society

A bulimic society. The media portrays what people believe as important, making others feel left out if they don't try to fit in - may turn to criminality or subcultures

Media is the new opium of the people

mass media, keeps the masses 'dumb'. -encourages 'false needs' through advertising, which act to support capitalist enterprise -discourages only critical thoughts, particularly those that relate to questioning capitalism, through focusing on content-light entertainment, which produces superficial mindless distraction

feminism the camera in films 'eyes up' female characters, encouraging viewers to assess their bodies and their attractiveness, from a male perspective

did a survey and discovered that 67% of young British Pakistani and Bangladeshi's felt religion was very important to them. Compared to only 5% of young white people

there was a canteen culture workers are socialised into accepting the norms and values in the workplace

how people use prior knowledge to prepare for a situation (job interview- alter behaviour/style)

learning a new set of norms and values when starting a new job

socialisation led to exploitation -trained to perform simple, repetitive tasks -trained not to use your initiative -trained not to question authority McJobs: unskilled, low paid, part time jobs

ensuring people abide by what they have learned (punishments= memos, rewards= merits, police, technology)

family peer group mass media religion

military education police/criminal justice system

uses sanctions such as scolding and isolation and praising/rewards to reinforce behaviour, given by an authority figure (e.g. a parent)

we look to friends for guidance about appropriate ways to behave. Allows us to experiment with the norms and values of mainstream culture. A source of positive and negative informal sanctions, we learn what is acceptable and what isn't.

Inform us with what happens to those who break accepted norms and laws. Reporting of crime and punishments shows if we too break the law we will be punished

10 commandments in Christianity, if you disregard, God is watching you. Conscious idea of God seeing your actions

In conflict, the military are used for social order. Scare people into following the expectations of society

Cane be informal or formal warnings in lesson to detention, suspensions etc

police enforce the law and make sure everyone conforms courts punish those who break the law. Prisons act as a crime deterrent and punish those convicted

informal control does not include any written rules and are created by social networks and organisations- not the government Formal control agencies are authorised ones created by the government. is more effective and stronger- more power

Female-headed single-parent families are increasing. This means unlike males, females do not have the same level of authority to enforce social control

gender role socialisation teach norms and values needed to keep a stable society

to teach traditional gender, working roles produce and teach the new generation of workers

teaches children to conform to gender inequalities. Oakley looked at housework and women and found that housewife's autonomy (personal freedom) is more theoretical than real. The responsibility for housework is the wife's alone and failure to do so, may have serious consequences- wrath of husbands, ill-health of children. Girls would see their mothers do this and then reciprocate. Boys replicate dads opinions

to reinforce that these norms and values are being followed

Bowles and Gintis- hidden curriculum teaches children to accept their position in society and that their achievements and failures are of their own making, everything is fair and based on merit. Not question their wealth

in primary socialisation parents use sanctions to reinforce and reward socially approved behaviour. Sanctions lead to the development of a conscience in a child which leads to independent action. E.g. toilet training- have control over bodily functions

nearly 1,000 London 10 to 12 year olds from four different family types; two parent, lone-mother, step father and foster care studied, focusing on how children view care, parental responsibilities and family life. Research suggested that children are active co-participants in care and constructors in family life- make a contribution to family life whilst fulfilling responsibilities at school

Nature v nurture Bouchards twin study behaviour can be biological

peer groups in primary school. playgrounds and classrooms were gendered

Twins Oskar and Jack were brought up separately. Oskar was brought up by his grandmother in Germany as a catholic. Jack was brought up by his father in the Caribbean as a Jew When they were studied they had the same behaviour and personality (nature)

pressure put on teenage girls by their peers e.g. double standards with sexual activity for boys and girls terms such as 'slut' used

gender roles are socially constructed through socialisation 4 ways that the family socialise -manipulation -canalisation -verbal appellation -different activities

67% of British Bangladeshi and Pakistanis felt religion was important to them, compared to 5% of white British youths Religions decline is not universal

reinforce socially acceptable behaviour ----Feminism

Young children's tv programmes e.g. Peppa pig feels better after sharing her toys Kardashians are a role model of what we should look like

not varied enough- poor role models for women. Abi Moore (pink stinks)- media makes girls sex objects, surgery addicts and emotional wrecks

the media are selective- cant show public everything, so they have to make a decision about what they do and don't use ---Feminism

Ferguson - women's magazines have a 'cult of femininity' Little Britain presents lower class people All as chavs, with lots of kids, no money, benefit stealers

Biased and/or stereotypical Mc Robbie 'slimblondness'

people copy what they have seen, heard or read - copycat incidents ---Feminism

Emo music accused of increase in young people self harming Kylie Jenner's lip fillers created a start up of young girls wanting bigger lips- kylie Jenner lip challenge

does watching a violent film create violence? politically charged idea

Creates/reinforces consumer culture through advertisements; provides designs, images and ideas for living and creating an identity. Often endorsed by celebrities ----Marxism

John Lydon country life advert - 85% increase in sales Popular Netflix movie had characters drinking 'yakult' it then sold out in all local supermarkets in the USA

Marxist interpretation of the role of media