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Eruption
The release of lava and/or pyroclastic debris from a volcanic vent.
Volcano
An erupting vent through which molten rock reaches the Earth's surface or the hill or mountain built from the products of eruptions.
Lava flow
Sheets or mounds of lava that flow onto the ground surface or seafloor in molten form and then solidify.
Viscosity
The resistance to flow of lava, which depends on chemical composition.
Lava tube
The empty spot left when a lava tunnel drains; happens when a surface of a lava flow solidifies while the inner part of the flow continues to stream downslope.
Pyroclastic flow
A fast-moving avalanche that occurs when hot volcanic ash and debris mix with air and flow down the side of a volcano.
Magma chamber
A large, underground, irregularly shaped zone with magma.
Shield volcanoes
Broad, gentle domes formed by low viscosity lava that spreads out in thin sheets over large areas.
Stratovolcanoes
Composite volcanoes with interleaved layers of lava, tephra, and pyroclastic debris, emphasizing internal layering.
Calderas
Large circular depressions with steep walls and a fairly flat floor, formed after an eruption as the center of the volcano collapses into the drained magma chamber below.
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