World History 1 - Rome Unit

a form of government which allows people to vote on leaders

Tiber River

Allows access to CLEAN water all over the Roman Empire; can support a higher population

Etruscans, Greeks, and Latins

They didn't want to be ruled by a king again

wealthy land owners

common folk; farmers & merchants (make up most of the population)

group of plebeian representatives

large military units

Most powerful office in Rome—members of the upper class

officials who commanded armies and directed the government

Punic Wars (Against Carthage) and Slave Revolts

Rome gained dominance over the Mediterranean Sea—great for TRADE

series of unsuccessful slave revolts

The only war that THREATENED THE REPUBLIC; resulted in the CRUCIFICTION of many many slaves

Led the third servile revolt (AKA The Gladiator War)

A leader who has all the power in a government

Civil War & Economy

people fighting among themselves

Member of the 1st Triumvirate, becomes popular due to his many victories, married Cleopatra, [reforms], appointed DICTATOR FOR LIFE in 44 BCE and ASSASSINATED by a group of senators soon after

Expands the senate, creates jobs, starts colonies, increases soldier wages, NEW CALENDAR (+90 days & leap day)

The FINAL battle of the Roman Republic; Octavian vs. Mark Antony

Mark Antony left Octavian's sister for Cleopatra, Mark Antony was becoming too Egyptian, and Cleopatra claimed that her son was the heir to the Roman throne

"Roman Peace" — time period of 207 years, highest ever population of 60-80 million, extensive trading, RISE OF CHRISTIANITY, and Augustus sets up a stable government with civil service employees

90%

Distracts the poor from revolting, everything is free, about 230 amphitheaters in the Empire, The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater built by the Romans (seats 50-60 thousand)

Most expanded territory peak; helped the poor by providing money, food, and SUBSIDIZED EDUCATION; built Trajan's Column, Trajan's Market, and The Baths of Trajan; Declared "Optimus Princeps" (the best ruler) by senate

Traveled to every providence, well rounded, forbid torture, built HADRIAN'S WALL, started the BEARD trend, declared the "HAPPIEST ERA OF HUMAN HISTORY" by senate

the Philosopher King

Judea

Christianity is a monotheistic religion and popular = powerful; religious leaders will lose followers

Jewish people driven from their homeland

Inflation, food shortages, lack of loyalty

Doubles the army size, changes tax system, fixed prices for goods, recruits Barbarians, and SPLITS THE EMPIRE IN TWO

REUNITED the TWO HALVES, the first Christian Emperor, EDICT OF MILAN (no persecution of Christians), MOVED CAPITAL TO CONSTANTINOPLE

More trading centers, more cities, more people, & more money

war, disease, & emigration (down to 30,000 people)

He tells the Barbarians to choose to fight the Huns or the Romans; his army burns Roman cities to the ground and kills/rapes the citizens

Thesis: The Roman Empire was powerful because it had the strongest army at the time (Julius Caesar & the Rubicon), had access to the Mediterranean Sea (trade), used progressive architecture (aqueducts & amphitheaters), and had smart leaders (Augustus, Trajan, & Hadrian).