Studied by 43 people3 phases of matter
Solids, liquids, and solids
Solid
Crystalline structure, non-compressible
Liquid
no structure, but touching, non-compressible
Gas
No structure, spread out, compressible.
Physical properties
Properties that can be used to identify the substance(element)
Melting point
point when a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling point (Vaporization)
point when a liquid becomes a gas
Freezing point (Solidification)
point when a liquid becomes a solid
Sublimation
Solid to gas
Density
how closely packed matter is in a given volume
Atomic radius
refers to the space a specific element occupies.
Potential energy
Stored energy
kinetic energy
energy of the motion of particles. (Kind of temperature)
Temperature
the average measure of kinetic energy.
Kelvin
absolute zero (no zeros)
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Exothermic
Releases heat
Heat of fusion
Solid ⇌ liquid (Melting point)
334 j/g
Heat of fusion for water (On reference table)
heat of vaporization
Liquid ⇌ Gas (Boiling point)
2260 j/g
Heat of vaporization for water (On reference table)
Specific heat capacity
there is a change in temp, but not phase.
4.18 j/gk
Specific Heat capacity of water (On reference table)
q=mHv
equation for heat of vaporization
q=mHf
equation for heat of fusion
q=mC∆T
equation for specific heat capacity
Properties of gasses
-Particles are traveling in straight-line paths and are randomly distributed, -No definite shape or volume, -Large distances between particles, low densities, -Can be compressed, -Can be liquified at low temperatures and high pressures
STP
Standard temperature pressure
Standard pressure
1 atm or 101.3 kPa or 760 torr
Standard temperature
0°C 273°K
Boyle's Law
relationship between pressure and volume (says that the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on the gas)
Charles's Law
Describes the relationship between volume and temperature (Says that the volume occupied by a gas is directly proportional to the temperature(in kelvin))
Combined gas Law equation
(P1)(V1)/ T1 = (P2)(V2)/ T2
Uses for combined gas law
to find missing factors such as temperature, volume, or pressure, if one of those has also been changed.
KMT
Kinetic Molecular Theory
properties of KMT (Ideal gas)
-gases move in a random, constant, straight line motion -Have negligible volume -no attraction between particles -If gas molecules do collide no energy is lost or gained
Ideal gas
gas that follows all rules in KMT
Real gas
gas molecules do have a volume and weak attractive forces
High temperature and low pressure
Conditions when Real gas acts most like Ideal gas
Vapor pressure
The pressure that vapor exerts when the temperature of a liquid increases.
calorimetry
How to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction.
Specific Heat
the heat required to increase the temperature of a substance by 1 degree
Bromine and mercury
The two elements that are liquid at room temp
Iodine and Carbon Dioxide
The two elements that Sublimate at STP
Pressure increases
when volume decreases
Note
Flashcard