Chapter Eleven: Aggression 

extreme acts of aggression

a negative, antagonistic attitude toward another person or group

the victim is targeted a number of times

the bully abuses their power over the victim

bulling through electronic devices and social media

acts like telling lies to get someone in trouble or shutting a person out of desired activities

a kind of indirect aggression that targets a persons relationships and social status

five dimensions that account for a great deal of variability in peoples personalities across gender and culture

situations in which the individual feels threatened, insulted, or stressed

the tendency to feel distressed, inadequate, and vulnerable to perceived threats

the tendency to be driven by feelings of inadequacy to try to prove oneself through personal accomplishments

being relatively unable to control ones thoughts and behaviors

having an inflated sense of self-worth and self-love, having low empathy for others, tending to focus on the self rather than others, and being especially sensitive to perceived insults

characterized by manipulativeness

characterized by impulsivity, poor self-control, and a lack of empathy

the cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions

the part of the brain that connects the orbitofrontal cortex with the anterior temporal lobe

when aggression produces desired outcomes

when aggression prevents or stops undesirable outcomes

physical force intended to cause a child pain, but not injury, for the purpose of controlling or correcting the childs behavior

the theory that behavior is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of rewards and punishments

children who witness parental violence or who are themselves abused are more likely as adults to inflict abuse on intimate partners or their children or be victims of intimate violence

challenges, abuse, and even differences of opinion must be met with fists or other weapons

a culture that emphasizes honor and social status, particularly for males, and the role of aggression in protecting that honor

aggressing against a substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access

the arousal created by one stimulus can intensify an individuals emotional response to another stimulus

the tendency for the presence of guns to increase aggression

repeatedly thinking about and reliving an anger-inducing event, focusing on angry thoughts and feelings, and even planning or imagining revenge

alcohol narrows peoples focus of intention

social factors that often trigger aggressive impulses, such as provocation or social rejection

personality and situational factors that promote the urge to aggress when encountering instigating factors

the various factors of self-control

reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence

for the subset of individuals who already score high on multiple known risk factors of sexual aggression, consuming pornography increases the risk of sexually aggressive attitudes and behaviors

treatments that try to alter an individuals behavior through learning principles that reinforce nonaggressive actions

True

False

False

False

True

A set of three traits that are associated with higher levels of aggressiveness: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism

the idea that (1) frustration always elicits the motive to aggress and (2) all aggression is caused by frustration

explicit sexual material

aggressive behavior whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end

Behavior intended to harm another individual.

Aggressive behavior where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake.

A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression.

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in others.

The process by which the mass media (particularly television) construct a version of social reality for the public.