UNIT 2

Policies to increase birth rate in a society

Policies to decrease birth rate in a society

An anti-natalist policy modified due to negative population growth

Governments base policies on economic needs, security, and cultural values

Migration principles including reasons, distances, urban growth, and counterstreams

Model showing interaction likelihood between places based on size and distance

Fewer taxpayers and more retirees affect tax revenue in countries

Measure of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births due to pregnancy complications

Higher education leads to lower Total Fertility Rate due to delayed childbearing

High population growth due to limited opportunities for women

Governments use pro-natalist and pro-immigrant policies to counter negative growth

Negative reasons making people leave a place

Positive reasons attracting people to move to a place

Migration due to external factors like war or political oppression

Refugee crosses borders; IDP forced to leave but stays within country

Migration by choice

Money sent by immigrants to family in their home country

Skilled labor migration for better opportunities

Adoption of cultural traits from another culture

Minority culture adopting a new culture, losing original traits

Negative events hindering migrants from reaching their destination

Positive events hindering migrants from reaching their destination

Migrant remains connected to origin country while living in another

Legal immigrant sponsors family member to immigrate

Temporary migrant for work or education

Cyclical migration based on seasonal livestock movement

Permanent move within the same region

Permanent move between regions within a country

South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe

Climate, weather patterns, landforms, bodies of water, & natural resources

Economic, cultural, historical, and political influences

Features spread out over an area

Features with little to no space between them

Spread of people in an area

Number of people in an area

Total population/total land area, shows population density

Total population/total arable land, measures environmental pressure

Number of farmers/total arable land, shows efficiency of production

Maximum sustainable population without environmental damage

Ratio of non-working age population to working age population

(Male births / Female births) * 100, indicates gender distribution

Country with high life expectancy and low birth rates

Economy with high population growth and birth rates

Country with disproportionate males suggesting guest workers

Country showing decrease in specific age groups indicating conflict

Country with a large cohort in a specific age range

Population growth due to births minus deaths

Total live births per 1,000 people in a year

Total deaths per 1,000 people in a year

Population growth percentage per year (CBR - CDR)

Time taken for a population to double in size

Average children per woman

Deaths under one year per 1,000 live births

TFR of 2.1 for a stable society

As women access more opportunities, RNI decreases

Larger families are assets due to children helping on farms

Influence through immigration, natalist policies, and gender opportunities