Studied by 0 peoplewhat does the ALU do?
ALU completes all the arithmetical and logical operations
what is the control unit?
a part of the processor which directs operations inside the CPU
what are registers?
small memory cells that operate at high speeds
where do all the arithmetic, logic or shift operations occur?
in registers
what does the program counter do?
PC holds addresses of the next instruction to be executed
in which part of the CPU do all the calculations take place?
the Arithmetic and Logic Unit
where are intermediate arithmetic and logic results stored?
in the accumulator
what does the memory address registers do?
holds the address of a location that is to be read from or written to
what does the memory data register do?
temporarily stores the data that has just been read from or the data needs to be written
what does the Current Instruction Register do?
holds the current instruction divided up into opcode and operand
what is a bus?
a set of parallel wires connecting two or more components together
what is the system bus?
the collection of the data bus, address bus and control bus
what is the width of a bus?
the number of parallel wires it has
what is the data bus?
a bidirectional bus used to transport data and instruction between components
what is the control bus?
a bidirectional bus used to transmit control signals between internal and external components
what is the address bus used for?
used to transmit the memory address specifying where data is to be sent from or retrieved from
what does adding a wire to the address bus do to the number of addressable locations?
it locates the number of addressable locations
what does the bus request indicate?
indicates a device is requesting access to the data bus
what does the bus grant indicate?
indicates the CPU has granted access to the data bus
what does memory write do?
causes the data on the data bus to be written into the addressed location
what does memory read do?
causes the data from the addressed location to be placed onto the data bus
what does the interrupt request control signal indicate?
indicates that a device is requesting access to the CPU
what is the clock control signal used for?
used to synchronise instructions
what is assembly language?
a programming language where mnemonics are used to represent instructions
what is opcode?
used to determine the type of instruction and what hardware to use to execute it
what is the operand?
the address of where the operation is performed
what occurs during the fetch phase?
address from PC is copied to MAR, instruction held at that address is copied to MDR by data bus, simultaneously PC is incremented by 1, value of MDR is copied to CIR
what occurs during the decode phase?
contents of the CIR is split into operand and opcode
execute phase
opcode is executed on the data
clock speed
number of clock cycles completed per second
cache memory
the CPU’s onboard memory which can be accessed a lot faster than main memory
what is pipelining?
the process of completing the fetch, decode and execute cycles of three separate files simultaneously
what is Von Neumann architecture?
architecture in which there is a single shared memory and shared data bus for both data and instructions
what is Harvard architecture?
architecture in which there are two separate memory and data buses for data and instructions
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