Unit 10 Vocabulary

An individual’s separate existence from other people. 

The physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development which takes place from birth to primary school years. 

An individual’s awareness of their own unique characteristics in relation to the social groups around them. 

The distinctive pattern of an individual’s speech.

The style of speech shared by people in a particular region or social group.

The principle that speakers usually mean what they say and that hearers accept this and try to work out the meaning.

The image that a person has of themselves as a conversationalist.

Acts or words which appear to threaten the self-esteem of a speaker in conversation.

Friendly strategies to make the participants feel good about themselves.

Strategies intended to avoid giving offense and opposing on others by showing respect.

A connecting word which starts an idea opposing the one which has just been stated. (but, however)

Brain skills which are needed to perform any mental and physical task. They are concerned with mechanisms of carrying out these tasks rather than with any knowledge.

Recognition and interpretation through the senses.

Being able to concentrate on a particular mental or physical task and sustaining that concentration over other distractions in the environment.

The storage and retrieval of information in the brain. It is divided into short-term and long-term memory.

The ability to move the body and to manipulate objects.

The skill which changes sound into words to be spoken.

The ability to understand relationships between objects and to visualize images and ideas in your imagination.

Language acquisition is part of a person's general ability to reason, without any cognitive abilities.

Learning a language involves knowledge of how to put meaning to the words and phrases learned, with cognitive skills involving the brain developing alongside the lexis and grammar of a language learned.

The development of language springs directly from the child's observation and imitation of those in the world around them, with all thoughts and emotions explained in terms of encouraging desired behavior.

Language comes through our senses and experiences, instead of through any reasoning or logical argument. (no measurement)

There is something about the human brain that allows it to master the complexities of language.

The individual is born with genetic abilities which include the development of language.

The idea that the structure of language affects a person’s view of the world very indirectly.

A very generalized opinion or idea about a type of person. It is a simplified and biased image and often produces negative feelings about those concerned.

Avoiding offense to any group of people who may be seen to be at a disadvantage because of their race, gender, disability, or any social disadvantages.

When we make our language style similar to those speakers around us.

When we make our language style more distinctly different from those speakers around us.

Groups of people who use the same variety of language and have a shared understanding of its style.

The degree of respect and value given to a particular style of language by a speech community.

A particular variety of speech used by a group. Which may be regarded as having a low status.

Switching between different varieties or register of language.

The making of certain people or groups to feel that they belong and are valued.

The making of certain people or groups to feel left out and unimportant.

Communication between people by means of electronic devices such as email, texting, and chat rooms.