Studied by 5 peopleWhat is the full name of ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
What does ATP break down into?
ADP + pi
What enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
What enzyme catalyses the making of ATP?
ATP synthase
Where is ATP made?
mitochondria and cytoplasm
What are the uses of ATP? (AMMMMP)
active transport
movement
metabolism
maintenance, repair and division
maintenance of body temperature
photosynthesis
Properties of ATP
immediate source of energy
soluble in water
universal energy
What are the four stages of aerobic respiration?
glycolysis
link reaction
krebs cycle
electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
What is oxidation? (in terms of hydrogen)
loss of hydrogen
What is reduction? (in terms of hydrogen)
gain of hydrogen
What is a coenzyme?
a molecule that transfers a chemical group from one thing to another
What is the first stage of glycolysis?
glucose is phosphorylated to phosphorylated glucose
What is the second stage of glycolysis?
phosphorylated glucose splits into two triosphosphate molecules
What is used to make Phosphorylated glucose?
2 ATP
What is the third stage of glycolysis?
triosphosphate is oxidised to pyruvate
NAD is reduced to NADH
2 ATP is made
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
Where does the Link reaction and Krebs cycle happen?
matrix of the mitochondria
By what process does pyruvate pass into the mitochondria?
active transport
What is the link reaction?
pyruvate get decarboxylated to acetate
acetate joins with coenzyme A to make acetyl coenzymeA
NAD is reduced to NADH
the carbon from pyruvate is oxidised to carbon dioxide
What are the products of the link reaction?
2 acetyl coenzymeA
carbon dioxide
2 NADH
What is the four carbon molecule called in the krebs cycle?
oxaloacetate
What is the six carbon molecule called in the krebs cycle?
citrate
What happens in the first stage of the krebs cycle?
acetyl coenzymeA becomes acetate and binds with a four carbon molecule to make a six carbon molecule
What is the second stage of the krebs cycle?
the six carbon molecule gets decarboxylated to a five carbon molecule
NAD is reduced to NADH
carbon oxidised to carbon dioxide
What happens in the third stage of the krebs cycle?
the five carbon molecule is decarboxylated to a four carbon molecule
FAD is reduced to FADH
carbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide
What happens between the six carbon molecule and the four carbon molecule in the krebs cycle?
substrate level phosphorylation
makes ATP
What are the products of the krebs cycle?
2 ATP
2 FADH
2 NADH
4 carbon dioxide
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
cristae of the mitochondria
What is the first step of the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH are oxidised and the protons are passed through a proton pump into the intermembrane space
What happens to the electrons in the electron transport chain?
the electrons are passed across the membrane in a series of oxidation reduction reactions
What is created in the electron transport chain with the protons and electrons?
an electrochemical gradient
What is the membrane bound protein that makes ATP?
ATP synthase
Note
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