Unit 6 HL Biology

Mercury, DDT

Consumption of organisms whose tissues have accumulate chemicals leads to this process, concentration of pollutants increasing as trophic levels increase.

The gradual buildup of chemical substances in the tissues of organisms overtime

Bodies of water become enriched with extra nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphorus)

The process of converting atmospheric into usable forms of nitrogen such as ammonium, nitrate, nitrite.

Co2, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide

A warming effect on the earth trapping heat in earth, it is necessary for earth not to freeze.

Locations or processes that release more carbon then they absorb, EX: Burning fossil fuels, breathing.

A reservoir that stores carbon, absorbs more carbon then they release. EX: Plants and photosynthesis

Quaternary

Secondary

Tertiary

Producer

The concept that only about 10% of energy is ever transferred between trophic levels, the reason why there are not more then 5 trophic levels

Organisms splitting an environment based on time, like how mammals go out during the day, and birds go out at night.

Organisms living close together, but with a slight difference, such as the elevation between grass and a tree.

The concept that two species can have the exact same niche

Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their enviroment

Living biological influences on an organism. EX: Predator, prey, food

Non living influences on an organism. EX: Soil, water, temperature

One organism

Group of organisms living at the same time, like a pond

All of populations living together, all living things in a area

All biotic factors, and abiotic factors

A group of similar ecosystems, like a desert, or a rainforest

The entire planet

Energy and matter can enter and exit

Only energy can enter and exit

Organisms that can produce their own organic molecules

An organism that uses light to create organic materials

Organisms that gain energy via oxidation of inorganic compounds like iron, sulfur, and magnesium

Organisms that cannot produce their own organic molecules

Animal that eats producers, EX: Cow, deer, goats, catterpillers

An animal that kills/eats other consumers, EX: Lion, snake, cats, river otters

An animal who’s natural diet includes plants and other animals. EX: Human, bears, pigs

An animal that consumers the corpses of other animals killed by carnivores. EX: Vultures, hyenas, condors.

Organisms that break down dead organisms/organic material. Extract energy and nutrients from decaying matter

Obtain nutrients via external digestion. EX: Fungi, bacteria

Heat dissipation, incomplete consumption, inefficient digestion, used in metabolic processes, innefficient energy conversion and storage.

A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time

A random sample of a population, important because it lets people figure out populations without having to manually count.

Population size estimate = Number Marked in initial sample x Total number captured in 2nd sample/number that were previously marked

Environmental factors that restrict the growth, distribution, or abundance of a population or organism

Species have a range of conditions they can tolerate based on their adaptations

Range of tolerance directly determines a species distribution, with the most of the species being in the optimum range, and less of them being in zone of stresses

An organisms niche is its role in the ecosystem

Factors have an impact on population size regardless of density. EX: Forest fire, flood, earthquake, tornado

Factors that have a greater impact on population size as the population decreases. EX: predation, disease, parasites

Max population size of a species that can be sustained by a given enviroment

Interactions between organisms of different species

Herbivore eats plant, material relationship, EX: Panda eating bamboo, parrot eating algae

Predator captures and eats prey, EX: Bear eat salmon, wolf eats deer

Competition between different species for the same limited resources, EX: Different squirrels compete for food

Two organisms living and interacting closely with each other where at least one benefits

One organism (Parasite) benefits whre the other one (host) is hurt, EX: Tape worm in a human, (+,-)

One organism is helped and the other is neither helped nor hurt, EX: orchids on trees, (+,0)

Both organisms are helped (+,+), EX: Root nodules in legumes, mycorrhizae in orchids, zooxanthellae in hard corals.

The presence and activites of organisms at higher trophic levels regulating amounts of lower trophic levels

Avability of resources at a low trophic level affecting high trophic levels

The total range of niches an organism could occupy, in a absence of competition.

The role an organism actually ends up taking