Chapter 5: Movement

________ occur rapidly & without attention because they are built into the system of spinal cord neurons.

________ is supplied to the basal ganglia by neurons in the Substantia Nigra (midbrain cell group).

________: a muscle that closes the joints it spans.

________ activate motor neurons in the stretched muscle causing the stretch reflex.

________: a muscle that opens the joints it spans.

________: muscles that oppose the intended direction of movement.

________: a brain structure at the back of the brain that is very important for coordination and adjusting skilled movement.

________: muscles that move joints in the intended direction.

________: important area in the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement.

________ (bottom) occurs when your bare foot encounters a sharp object.

The ________ and thalamus have connections with motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.

The cerebellum gets ________ from sensory receptors in the head and limbs, as well as areas of the cerebral cortex.

________: relatively fixed, automatic muscle responses to particular stimuli.

The ________ also helps adjust motor output to deal with changing conditions.

Each ________ is controlled by 1 alpha motor neuron in the brain or spinal cord.

The ________ integrates information to ensure smooth coordination.

All ________ involve the activation of small sensory receptors in skin, joints, and in muscles.

Muscles that are attached to bones in the body to produce voluntary movements.

A muscle that closes the joints it spans.

A muscle that opens the joints it spans.

Muscles that move joints in the intended direction.

Muscles that oppose the intended direction of movement.

The alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls.

Relatively fixed, automatic muscle responses to particular stimuli.

The receptors in muscles.

Contraction of the muscle caused by activation of motor neurons.

An important area in the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement.

A brain structure at the back of the brain that is very important for coordination and adjusting skilled movement.