AP Biology -Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration

consists of glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate NAD+, which an be reused by glycolysis

consumes organic molecules and O2, yields ATP

oxidizing glucose, cells consume energy from organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

electrons are ripped off of molecules to give to NAD+ to form NADH

the electron carrier in cellular respiration, reduced to form NADH during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

Glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate, and NAD+ becomes NADH. Two ATP are formed by substrate-level phosphorylation, and can occur whether or not O2 is present

The Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and has to combine with 4-carbon oxaloacetate (that will need to be regenerated), which forms citric acid. The Acetyl CoA is oxidized, 2CO2 is breathed out, and more electrons are ripped off and it is given to the electron carriers to form NADH and FADH2. ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.

accounts for most of the ATP generated by cellular respiration; involves the transfer of inorganic phosphates to ADP

an enzyme with a phosphate group takes it from one molecule and gives it to ADP

Before pyruvate can go into the Krebs cycle, it is oxidized. One carbon is lost because it is exhaled out at CO2. The two-carbon molecule is oxidized and NAD+ becomes NADH.

Membrane bound proteins that contain a heme prosthetic group and are essential for electron transport

The complex protein that is used to transport H+ back across the membrane

The use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Created by pumping protons out by the respiratory chain complexes. Used to translocate protons through ATP synthase to form ATP

Produces ethanol and CO2

Pyruvate is reduced and turned into lactic acid in the muscles

Can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration i.e. yeast and bacterias

Cannot survive in the presence of O2

Glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, Krebs Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Glucose, NAD+, ATP, ADP

Pyruvic acid, ATP, NADP

Pyruvic acid, NAD+

Acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2

Acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, NAD+, FAD

Citric acid, NADH, FADH2, CO2, oxaloacetate, ATP

NADH, FADH2, ADP, O2

ATP, H2O, FAD, NAD+

Sugar

Ethanol, CO2, NAD+

Pyruvate, NADH

Lactic acid, NAD+