APUSH Period 6 SFI

Increased mechanization of this industry was replacing human labor. Increased productivity of crops (ex. corn and wheat) and obsolescence of small subsistence farms. Prices of crops decreased.

Organized movement of farmers resistance to bring isolated farms together for socialization and education.

Pushed mid-Western states to pass laws regulation of railroads carrying grange and made abusing corporate practices that were hurting farmers illegal.

Granger law. Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just and established a federal agency (the Interstate Commerce Commission) to ensure they fulfilled this.

Granted huge swats of land to railroad companies who would eventually build the Transcontinental Railroads. 4 more railroads would be built later on.

Granted potential migrants 160 acres of free land out west as long as they’d farm and settle it. Many of these farmers when bankrupt because of this size of land was relatively small.

A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity. Many diverse ones formed during the Gold Rush (ex. Denver City).

The first people to farm on the lands out west.

This invention was used to settle and protect lands. It also contributed to the end of the cattle drive as there was a decreasing amount of open land to roam and move cattle.

Published the Significance of the Frontier in American History arguing that the closing of the frontier was troubling because Westward expansion was a means of releasing American discontent and leveling class and social hierarchies.

Indian populations were assigned to live on tracks of land with strict boundaries. This would have been a bigger issue if Americans had not decimated the buffalo population that many Natives followed.

A series of conflicts between the United States and various bands of Natives that caused the Federal government to make more treaties with the natives and decrease their reservations.

Ended Federal recognition of the sovereignty of Indian nations and nullified all previous treaties made with them leading to further wars with Natives.

Authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. Thus, Native Americans registering on a tribal "roll" were granted allotments of reservation land.

Spread across the continent spreading that if Natives participating in a ritualistic dance, their ancestors would return and move the white men out of their lands.

Slaughter of approximately 150–300 Lakota Indians by United States Army troops. Ended the period of Native American resistance.

A future for the South based on economic diversity, industrial growth, and laissez-faire capitalism. This resulted in increased railroads and textile manufacturing in the South.

When man who was 1/8 black rode in a white passenger car was asked to leave, he refused and was arrested. This case established “separate but equal.”

Laws that segregated almost every aspect of society. They forbade Black people to serve on juries, run for public office, and were frequently denied trials. These also increased lynchings.

Editor of black newspaper based in the South. She editorialized against lynching and Jim Crow, leading her to getting many death threats the destruction of her presses.

Founded the International Migration Society which facilitated the migration of Black Americans to Liberia, Africa.

Viewed that Black people did not need to fight for equality on a political level, but an economic level. This vision was seen as extremely impractical.

Americans began mass producing goods to be sold all over the world instead of making them themselves to be sold locally. New technology like the railroad made this change easy.

Process which allowed railroad companies to create more steel with higher quality. Increased access to natural resources also helped increase railroad production.

Increased speed and distance of communication. This also led to the laying of a transatlantic cable connecting America Europe.

A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries.

Period of rapid industrialization characterized by the extreme wealth of a few individuals, while many others lived in poverty. This era is often associated with political corruption and exploitation of immigrant labor.

Owned by John D. Rockefeller who made many business moves eliminating other competitors. This was an example of horizontal integration, or one company buying out all of its competitors.

Business man who integrated vertical integration into his steel company, meaning he acquired all the complementary industries that supported steel production.

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. This, underpaying workers, and economic Social Darwinism allowed many business leaders to become so wealthy.

Argued that very wealthy men had a responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good of society. Supported by Andrew Carnegie. Inspired further philanthropy in the wealthy class.

Used frequently to describe successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.

The purchase of goods or services for the specific purpose of displaying one's wealth (ex. the Biltmore Mansion as a vacation home).

Despite it seeming to be economically harsh, deflation, increased standards of living, and real wages increased for unskilled workers.

Represents collective interests of workers, bargaining with employers over such concerns as wages and working conditions. Tactics included political action, slowdowns, and strikes.

The country's first major rail strike and witnessed the first general strike in the nation's history. The strikes and the violence it spawned briefly paralyzed the country's commerce.

Refusal to meet with workers to hear their requests for higher wages, lower rents, and better working conditions caused workers to walk off the job. The American Railway Union agreed to assisted these workers.

National union open to all workers, black, female, and unskilled laborers. Worked to abolish child labor, increase wages, and better working conditions.

Peaceful labor protest rally near Chicago's turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Caused violence and bombing associating with the Knights of Labor.

Union of skilled workers led by Samuel Gompers. They had goals to abolish child labor, increase wages, and better working conditions.

Large amounts from Eastern Europe were escaping from poverty, joblessness, religious persecution, and overcrowding. Large amounts from China and Asia as well.

Housing for the urban poor, with well-established connotations for unsafe and unsanitary conditions. They were inhabited mainly by immigrants during this period.

First general migration of black people following the Civil War. Offered blacks (in theory) the opportunity to escape the racism and oppression of the post-war South and become owners of their own tracts of private farmland.

The process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society. Aligns with nativist thinking.

Nativist organization against Catholics (mainly Irish immigrants). Aligned with the perspective of Socia Darwinists and labor unions who felts immigrants were taking their jobs.

Banned all further Chinese immigration into the United States. Only law to target a specific nationality to be excluded from immigration.

Solution by Jane Addams which provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources.(ex. Hull House).

Workers who work in an office.

The skill which came with these allowed women more jobs and opportunities in the work force.

An increase in amusement parks, sports, circuses, and more.

Tax that believed all government revenue should be derived from a tax equivalent to the full rental value of land.

A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Believed that Christian principles ought to be applied not merely to one’s self, but to cure the ills of society as well.

Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Worked tireless for women’s rights and supported a federal amendment for women's suffrage. Women also made up much of the temperance movement.

An organization founded to work for unification of public anti-alcohol sentiment and temperance law. Carrie Nation was a female temperance activist who destroyed alcohol in bars and saloons.

Financial panic with a run on currency, and banks closing, and businesses and manufacturers not being able to open because they had not cash to pay workers or buy materials.

Called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.

Southerns who championed state’s rights, racial segregation, and counted on votes from big city political machines and immigrants.

Northerns who were more industrial and counted on votes from black people, middle class businessmen, and Protestants.

The appointment or hiring of a person to a government post on the basis of partisan loyalty. Andrew Jackson and the spoils system was a big example of this.

Established a merit-based system of selecting government officials and supervising their work. Discontinued the patronage system.

Protective tariffs, gold standard, unlimted coinage of silver.

Agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country's farmers and agrarian workers.

Advocated for the direct election of senators, use of initiatives and referendums which allowed the people to propose and vote on legislation, unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax, and an 8 hour workday.

A party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity (ex. Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed helping and indebting vulnerable communities to them).

A process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers.

A political cartoonist considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon.” Instrumental in rousing public outrage over Boss Tweed which resulted in his eventual downfall. A member of the Realist movement.

Famous speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention. Advocated for silver and not gold to be America's bullion standard (bimetallism). It was his goal to create inflation to help those in debt.

Non-fiction book published in 1881 that chronicled the experiences of Native Americans in the United States, focusing on injustices.

American business magnate who was controlling two burgeoning industries: the steamboat industry and the railroad industry.

Helped the railroad industry recover after the 1893 financial panic. Merged railroad companies and became a stockholder in every one of them. He made a fortune in railroads.

Whiskey distillers bribed officials from the U. S. Department of the Treasury to increase profits and evade taxes.