10 Physical Science T1 (Chemistry)

Smallest unit of matter

Pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Substance made up of two or more different atoms bonded together

Two or more substances (elements or compounds) combined but not chemically bonded

Substances made up of two or more atoms bonded together

Elements found in twos

A change in matter which does not alter the chemical properties of the matter.

A reaction or process accompanied by the release of heat.

A reaction or process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat

a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.

a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass.

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table.

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons

a deficiency or excess of electrons which occurs on ungrounded or insulating surfaces

Positive ion

Negative ion

Mixture that is not the same all the way through (non-uniform composition)

Mixture that is the same all the way through (uniform composition)

the properties of the new substances are different from the original, the particles are different, and the number of particles can change

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. One atom may form multiple single bonds

When two pairs of electrons are shared a double covalent bond is created. This is represented by two lines in a Lewis Dot diagram. In some cases, a variety of covalent bonds exist within a single molecule

When three pairs of electrons are shared a triple covalent bond is created. This is represented by three lines in a Lewis Dot diagrams

Low melting and boiling points, Soft and shiny, for cations with charges of +1, one valence electron, react violently with water, Reactivity increases as you move down the table

Very reactive (7 valence electrons), Gases (highly toxic), Form -1 charged anions, Diatomic – exist as two atoms, decrease in reactivity as you move down the table

all gases, odorless, colourless, complete set of valence electrons (8e- therefore not reactive), extremely low chemical reactivity

consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

a multiplier or factor that measures a particular property.

the state or process of rotting; decay.

a joining or merging of different parts or qualities in which the component elements are individually distinct

rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light.

(of a substance) incapable of being dissolved.

(of a substance) able to be dissolved, especially in water.

the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.

a chemical reaction where two reactant ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new product compounds with the same ions.

a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound

a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide

a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as distinct from a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

A compound whose atoms are bonded via a covalent bond

neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.