Studied by 24 peopleKnow the common industrial acid known as muriatic acid.
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Know the acid manufactured in the largest amount.
H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
Be able to choose the strongest base from a list of compounds.
H2O, NaOH, NH3, HCl
NaOH is the strongest. The reason? OH- is hydroxide ions, making bases stronger.
In a given reaction be able to identify the conjugate acid-base.
EX: HF + H2O > F- + H3O
HF is the acid
H2O is the base
F- is the conjugate base
H3O is the conjugate acid
The stronger an acid is, the (stronger/weaker) its conjugate base.
The stronger a base, the (stronger/weaker) its conjugate acid.
weaker, weaker. Remember: it’s always inverse
Acid strength (increases/decreases) with (increasing/decreasing) polarity and (increasing/decreasing) bond strength.
increases, increasing, decreasing
Acid + Base > ? + ?
Acid + Base > water + salt
If you have barium carbonate + HCl > ? + ?
barium chloride + carbon dioxide
diprotic
donates 2 protons
binary
2 acids mixed together (hydrogen + something with electro negativity)
When an acids donates a proton, it becomes a
conjugate base
It can be an acid or a base (ex: H2O)
amphoteric
HBrO
hypobromous acid
HI
hydroiodic acid
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
H2CO3
carbonic acid
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HNO2
nitrous acid
hydrosulfuric acid
H2S
perchloric acid
HCLO4
phosphorous acid
H3PO3
nitric acid
HNO3
List the conjugate acid and base pairs. Identify each reactant + product as an acid or a base.
HF + H2O > F- + H3O
PAIRS:
HF + F-
H2O + H3O
ACID OR BASE:
HF + F- = acidic
H2O + H3O = basic
List the conjugate acid and base pairs. Identify each reactant and product as a proton donor or acceptor.
H2O + NH3 > NH4 + OH-
PAIRS:
H2O + OH-
NH3 + NH4
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS:
H2O + OH- = donors
NH3 + NH4 = acceptors
Acid Base Neutralization formula equation
HCL + NaOH > NaCL + H2O
Acid Base Neutralization overall net ionic equation
H3O+ + CL- + Na+ + OH- > Na+ + Cl- + 2H2O
Acid base Neutralization net ionic equation
H3O+ + OH- > 2H2O
periodic acid
HIO4
iodic acid
HIO3
hypoiodous acid
HIO
List HIO4, HIO3, HIO from weakest to strongest
HIO, HIO3, HIO4
Explain the difference between strong acids and weak acids
Any acid that fully dissociates into ions is strong, if it doesn’t it’s weak
Explain how the production of sulfur trioxide, SO3, in industrial processes results in acid rain. Write an equation for the reaction.
SO3 produces as a gas. It dissolves in the water vapor in the clouds. This produces sulfuric acid solution that falls like rain or snow.
SO3 + H2O > H2SO4
List five properties of aqueous acids
Sour taste
change in color of acid-base indicator
some react with metal to release hydrogen gas
react w/ bases to produce salt and H2O
conduct electric current
Write the balance equations that describe the three stage ionization of phosphoric acid in a dilute aqueous solution
H3PO4 + H2O > H3O + H2PO4
H2PO4 + H2O > H3O + HPO4 2-
HPO4 2- + H2O > H3O PO4 3-
Note
Flashcard