Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity

“new growth“; cells that grows independently from the rest of the body

tumors that grow between the layers of the meninges

Tumors that grow within their own membrane

tumors that are surgically removable with little risk of further growth in the body

Tumors that grow diffusely through surrounding tissue

tumors that are difficult to remove or destroy, and continue to grow after attempts to remove or destroy them

Tumors that develop from glial cells

Tumors that originated in one organ and spread to another

sudden-onset cerebrovascular disorders that cause brain damage

The area of dead or dying tissue produced by a stroke

the dysfunctional area of brain tissue around an infarct.

The tissue in the penumbra may recover or die in the days following a stroke

bleeding in the brain

A pathological balloonlike dilation that forms in the wall of an artery at a point where the elasticity of the artery wall is defective

An interruption of the blood supply to an of the brain

The blockage of blood flow by a plug at the site of formation

The blockage of blood flow in smaller blood vessel by a plug that was formed in a larger blood vessel and carried by the bloodstream to the smaller one

A condition in which blood vessels are narrowed or blocked by the accumulation of fat deposits on their walls

a type of brain damage that is produced by blows that do not penetrate the skull

close-headed injuries that involve damage to Cerebral circulatory system which produces internal hemorrhaging

Localized collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue; bruise

contusions that occur on the side of the brain opposite to the side of the blow

Disturbance of consciousness following a blow to the head with no evidence of contusion or other structural damage

caused by repeated head injuries, most seen in rugby, boxing, and football players. general intellectual degeneration

inflammation associated with bacterial infection

When bacteria infect the brain the often lead to the formation of cerebral abscesses

inflammation of the meninges

The mental illness and dementia resulting from a syphilitic infection

transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal

viral infection; virus that has am affinity for neural tissue

viruses that have no affinity for neural tissue

chronic mental illness produced by a neurotoxin

involuntary smacking and sucking movement of lips, thrusting and rolling of tongue, lateral jaw movements, and puffing of the cheeks

are passed down from parent to offspring, individuals that inherit one abnormal recessive gene do not develop the disorder and the gene is passed down on to future generations

Cell Death

motor seizures

often involves, tremors(clonus), rigidity (tonus), and loss of balance and consciousness

sudden peculiar psychological changes before a seizure

a neurological disorder characterized ny spontaneously reocurring seizures

sudden uncontrolled burst of electrical activity in the brain

A seizure that doesn’t involve the whole brain

a seizure that involves the whole brain

a type of generalized seizure whose primary behavioral symptoms are;

loss of consciousness

loss of equilibrium

a movement disorder that is associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

characterized by 1.) tremors, 2.) stiffness, 3.) cognitive deficits

a progressive terminal disorder of motor or intellectual function that is produced in adulthood by a dominant gene

a progressive disease that attacks the myelin sheaths of axons in the CNS

Most common form of dementia in the elderly. It’s three defining characteristics are; neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and neuron loss.

simple focal seizure which, primary Symptoms are; sensory, motor, or both

often restricted to the temporal lobes

During seizures the patient engages in automatisms—repetitive simple behaviors